环境侵权惩罚性赔偿制度问题研究
发布时间：2018-08-28 20:05
【摘要】：随着现代科技与经济的发展,人们对环境质量的要求日益增强,但大工业社会的高能耗、高污染的发展模式却带来了环境的严重破坏,并影响到人民的生命与财产安全。如何构建合理的法律制度以解决日益严重的环境侵权问题,是当代环境法制中的重要议题之一。 本文通过对环境侵权特殊性的分析,认为现代环境侵权具有主体不平等性、涉及范围的广泛性以及严重的社会危害性,应当对环境侵权行为予以有效的法律规制,才能切实有效的保障人民的环境利益。本文通过案例研究的方式,考察了传统法律救济模式在环境侵权行为中的作用,认为现有的法律调整手段具有一定的缺陷。其主要表现为,因为传统大陆法系公法与私法的泾渭分明的界限,导致了立法上的法律真空,公法调整手段囿于“权力法治”的限制,无法及时有效并且灵活的对重大环境侵权事件进行调整,从而无法有效发挥公法的惩罚性对于环境侵权事件的威慑作用;基于补偿性赔偿为基础的私法救济手段,无法实现对弱势一方的法律倾斜,从而无法达到实质上的法律正义。 本文通过历史的方法以及比较法的方法对惩罚性赔偿制度进行了考察,认为惩罚性赔偿制度作为与英美法系中所发展创立的民事救济制度,其自始就以法律实证主义为价值导向,通过惩罚性赔偿金的存在实现对重大侵权行为与恶性侵权行为的遏制与威慑,有效弥补了公法与私法泾渭分明的区分所导致的的法律空白,并赋予了民事主体通过法律途径实现对恶意侵权人的惩罚能力,因而对于有效调整环境侵权行为具有重要的现实意义,值得我国环境法制建设的借鉴与学习。
[Abstract]:With the development of modern science and technology and economy, people's demand for environmental quality is increasing. However, the development mode of high energy consumption and high pollution in large industrial society has brought serious damage to the environment and affected the safety of people's lives and property. How to construct a reasonable legal system to solve the increasingly serious environmental tort problem is one of the important issues in the contemporary environmental legal system. Based on the analysis of the particularity of environmental tort, this paper holds that modern environmental tort is subject unequal, extensive in scope and serious in social harmfulness, and should be effectively regulated by law. In order to effectively protect the environmental interests of the people. This paper investigates the role of the traditional legal relief mode in the environmental tort through the way of case study, and thinks that the existing legal adjustment methods have some defects. Its main manifestation is, because the traditional civil law public law and the private law distinct boundary, has led to the legislation legal vacuum, the public law adjustment means is limited by the "power rule of law" limit. Unable to adjust the major environmental tort events in a timely, effective and flexible manner, so that the punitive effect of public law on environmental tort events can not be effectively brought into play; the private law relief means based on compensatory compensation can not be effectively brought into play. Unable to realize the legal inclination to the weak party, thus unable to achieve the substantive legal justice. This paper investigates the punitive damages system through the historical method and the method of comparative law, and holds that the punitive damages system is a civil relief system developed and established in the common law system. From the beginning, it takes the legal positivism as the value orientation, and through the existence of punitive damages, it realizes the containment and deterrence to the major and malignant tort. It effectively makes up for the legal gap caused by the clear distinction between public law and private law, and endows the civil subject with the ability to punish the malicious infringer through legal means. Therefore, it is of great practical significance to adjust the environmental tort effectively, and is worthy of reference and study in the construction of environmental legal system in China.
【学位授予单位】：上海交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D912.6
本文编号：2210474
[Abstract]:With the development of modern science and technology and economy, people's demand for environmental quality is increasing. However, the development mode of high energy consumption and high pollution in large industrial society has brought serious damage to the environment and affected the safety of people's lives and property. How to construct a reasonable legal system to solve the increasingly serious environmental tort problem is one of the important issues in the contemporary environmental legal system. Based on the analysis of the particularity of environmental tort, this paper holds that modern environmental tort is subject unequal, extensive in scope and serious in social harmfulness, and should be effectively regulated by law. In order to effectively protect the environmental interests of the people. This paper investigates the role of the traditional legal relief mode in the environmental tort through the way of case study, and thinks that the existing legal adjustment methods have some defects. Its main manifestation is, because the traditional civil law public law and the private law distinct boundary, has led to the legislation legal vacuum, the public law adjustment means is limited by the "power rule of law" limit. Unable to adjust the major environmental tort events in a timely, effective and flexible manner, so that the punitive effect of public law on environmental tort events can not be effectively brought into play; the private law relief means based on compensatory compensation can not be effectively brought into play. Unable to realize the legal inclination to the weak party, thus unable to achieve the substantive legal justice. This paper investigates the punitive damages system through the historical method and the method of comparative law, and holds that the punitive damages system is a civil relief system developed and established in the common law system. From the beginning, it takes the legal positivism as the value orientation, and through the existence of punitive damages, it realizes the containment and deterrence to the major and malignant tort. It effectively makes up for the legal gap caused by the clear distinction between public law and private law, and endows the civil subject with the ability to punish the malicious infringer through legal means. Therefore, it is of great practical significance to adjust the environmental tort effectively, and is worthy of reference and study in the construction of environmental legal system in China.
【学位授予单位】：上海交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D912.6
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