环境合同制度构建探析

发布时间：2018-09-05 20:38

【摘要】： 环境合同制度起源于日本的公害防止协定,公害防止协定对预防新的公害源的产生起到了有效的抑制作用。日本战后发展经济的政策、公害的出现以及地方政府的自治制度是其产生的社会经济政治基础,在欧盟形成的环境协议、美国的环境协议项目等,则是日本公害防止协定制度的发展,呈现出现代环境合同制度新的发展趋势。作为第三制度的环境合同制度的实施,对这些国家环境问题的改善发挥着重要的作用。关于环境合同的性质一直存有争议,有的学者认为是行政合同,有的学者认为是民事合同。本文认为环境合同是指包括国家在内的各方当事人之间签订的有关环境资源的开发利用和环境保护及污染防治中的权利义务关系的协议,其性质既非行政合同,又非普通的民事合同,而是一种新型的特殊类型的合同。环境合同涉及的范围很广,关系到环境资源的开发利用以及环境的保护问题；环境合同涉及的主体也很广泛,除了政府、企业,还包括与一定环境有关的公众。倡导、推行环境合同制度既是现代民法的发展与环境公平正义的要求,也是实现公民环境权、避免行政管理的有限及不足的必要选择,更是我国在接下来的阶段节能减排的必然要求；但是,环境合同制度不同与一般的合同制度,需要建立新的特殊的适用规则,公众参与原则、有限契约自由原则和诚实信用原则是其适用的基本原则,国家环境管理机关对环境合同管理的职责的转变,以及环境合同的订立、履行、变更、解除和纠纷的解决方式等是构建环境合同制度的必要内容。
[Abstract]:The environmental contract system originates from the public hazard prevention agreement in Japan, which plays an effective role in the prevention of new pollution sources. Japan's post-war economic development policy, the emergence of public hazards and the autonomy system of local governments are the social, economic and political basis of its emergence, the environmental agreements formed in the European Union and the environmental agreement projects in the United States, etc. It is the development of Japan's environmental pollution prevention agreement system and presents a new development trend of modern environmental contract system. As the third system, the implementation of environmental contract system plays an important role in the improvement of environmental problems in these countries. The nature of environmental contract has always been controversial, some scholars think it is administrative contract, some scholars think it is civil contract. This paper holds that the environmental contract refers to the agreement between the parties, including the state, concerning the exploitation and utilization of environmental resources and the relationship between rights and obligations in environmental protection and pollution prevention and control. The nature of the agreement is neither an administrative contract, nor an administrative contract. Not ordinary civil contract, but a new type of special type of contract. Environmental contract involves a wide range of issues, related to the development and utilization of environmental resources and environmental protection, environmental contracts are also involved in a wide range of subjects, in addition to the government, enterprises, but also including the public related to a certain environment. To advocate and implement the environmental contract system is not only the requirement of the development of modern civil law and environmental equity and justice, but also the necessary choice to realize the citizen's environmental right and avoid the limited and insufficient administrative management. It is also the inevitable requirement of energy saving and emission reduction in the following stage of our country. However, the environmental contract system is different from the general contract system, so it is necessary to establish new special applicable rules, the principle of public participation, The principle of freedom of limited contract and the principle of good faith are the basic principles to be applied, the transformation of the responsibilities of the state environmental management agencies to the management of environmental contracts, and the conclusion, performance and alteration of environmental contracts, It is necessary to construct the environmental contract system by resolving the disputes.
【学位授予单位】：中国政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D922.68;D923.6

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