我国风景名胜区保护的法律研究

发布时间：2018-09-11 10:12

【摘要】：风景名胜区不仅具有优美的自然风光,还具有丰富的历史文化遗产和独特的地方、民族文化风情。因此其价值不仅局限于人类的物质财富,更是人类宝贵的精神财富,对其进行立法保护是环保事业建设的一个重要方面。然而伴随着社会经济的高速发展,我国的风景名胜区所面临掠夺性开发日益严重,虽然我国在风景名胜区保护方面出台的法律、法规、规章很多,但却存在法律效力较低、立法滞后等缺陷,再加上近些年来行政规划混乱、管理无序等导致风景名胜区破坏日益严重,风景名胜区资源也因此面临失去原有风貌和历史价值的危险,这对于景区的保护、开发是极为不利的。因此,针对这些问题,提出我国风景名胜区保护的立法构想和制度建设方案就显得尤为重要了。本文分为五个部分进行系统地阐述: 第一部分是绪论部分,介绍了我国风景名胜区保护的立法现状和实践情况,概括说明风景名胜区保护的动因和本文研究背景,在强调风景名胜区重要价值的同时,点出文章研究的目的意义,并简单阐述了成文思路和研究方法。第二部分对风景名胜区进行的概述。在对风景名胜区基本理论(概念和分类)阐述的基础上,着重辨析了风景名胜区与自然保护区、森林公园的区别,从而突出了风景名胜区独特的价值功能和保护的意义。第三部分对我国风景名胜区保护现状进行观察,找到问题主要集中在盲目经营、过度开发、缺少公众参与等导致景区环境破坏,生态失衡的局面。同时对我国风景名胜区法制现状进行考察,发现法律保护方面的三大缺陷:法律效力层级低、法律法规内容不协调、管理不顺职责不清,并加入国外发达国家在景区立法方面的优秀经验,力求为我国立法构想提供借鉴。第四部分是我国风景名胜区保护的立法完善和制度建设,先明确风景名胜区保护所应坚持的基本原则,进而在原则的指导下,从完善法律法规体系、管理体制和各项制度建设(包括生态补偿制度、资金投入与管理制度、公众参与制度)等三方面对风景名胜区保护事业进行了法律制度建设与完善。第五部分为结语部分,对全文作了总结。
[Abstract]:Scenic spot not only has beautiful natural scenery, but also has rich historical and cultural heritage and unique place, national culture amorous feelings. Therefore, its value is not only limited to the material wealth of human beings, but also the precious spiritual wealth of human beings. It is an important aspect of the construction of environmental protection to legislate to protect it. However, with the rapid development of social economy, the predatory development of scenic spots in our country is increasingly serious. Although there are many laws, regulations and rules on the protection of scenic spots in our country, but the legal effect is relatively low. Shortcomings such as lagging legislation, coupled with confusion in administrative planning and disorderly management in recent years, have led to increasingly serious destruction of scenic spots. As a result, the resources of scenic spots are also facing the danger of losing their original style and historical value, which protects scenic spots. Development is extremely unfavorable. Therefore, to solve these problems, it is very important to put forward the legislative conception and system construction plan of scenic spot protection in our country. This paper is divided into five parts for systematic elaboration: the first part is the introduction part, which introduces the legislative status and practice of the protection of scenic spots in China, and summarizes the motivation of the protection of scenic spots and the research background of this paper. While emphasizing the important value of scenic spots, this paper points out the purpose and significance of the research, and briefly expounds the written ideas and research methods. The second part is an overview of scenic spots. On the basis of expounding the basic theory (concept and classification) of scenic spot, this paper emphatically distinguishes the difference between scenic spot and nature reserve and forest park, thus highlighting the unique value function and the significance of protection of scenic spot. In the third part, we observe the present situation of the protection of scenic spots in China, and find out that the problems mainly focus on blind management, over-exploitation and lack of public participation, which lead to environmental damage and ecological imbalance of scenic spots. At the same time, by investigating the legal status of scenic spots in China, we find that there are three defects in legal protection: the low level of legal effect, the disharmony of laws and regulations, the confusion of management and duties, And join the foreign developed countries in the scenic area legislation excellent experience, strive to provide reference for our legislative ideas. The fourth part is the legislative perfection and system construction of the protection of scenic spots in our country. First, the basic principles of the protection of scenic spots should be made clear, and then, under the guidance of the principles, the system of laws and regulations should be perfected. Three aspects of management system and system construction (including ecological compensation system, fund investment and management system, public participation system) have carried on the legal system construction and the consummation to the scenic spot protection cause. The fifth part is the conclusion, which summarizes the full text.
【学位授予单位】：重庆大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D922.6;F592

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