海洋可再生能源开发法律制度研究
发布时间：2018-09-15 05:15
【摘要】：海洋可再生能源是在海洋水体中所蕴藏的可以再生的自然能源,主要包括潮汐能、温差能、波浪能、潮流能、盐差能等。随着全球化石能源的日益减少和环境问题的日趋严重,人们越来越多的关注起海洋可再生能源的开发利用。我国海岸线长,海域广阔,其中蕴藏着丰富的海洋能资源,通过开发这些海洋可再生能源,不仅有益于我国建设环境友好型资源节约型社会,亦可直接为我国沿海城市和近海岛屿提供电力。不仅如此,通过对海洋可再生能源进行综合利用还给当地居民带来良好的经济效益。 目前我国海洋可再生能源的开发主要集中在潮汐能、波浪能和潮流能上,盐差能和温差能的开发还处在研究试验阶段。小型潮汐能发电技术基本成熟,技术和设备均可依靠自己独立完成,潮流能和波浪能的开发在近年来也有了很大进步。 然而与其他可再生能源相比,海洋可再生能源的开发还是显得有些薄弱,究其原因主要在于:海洋可再生能源的储量虽大但能量密度低,不易利用;开发初期成本过高,难以进行市场化运行;当然最重要原因还是国家重视程度不够,缺乏相关政策的扶持和法律上的保障。纵观国外海洋可再生能源开发的成功经验,政府的大力支持和法律的强制性规定是推动海洋能发展的极大动力。 本文中重点分析总结了国外海洋可再生能源开发的五种重要法律制度:可再生能源配额制、固定电价制度、税收制度、可再生能源基金制度、政府财政补贴制度。通过对这些制度的仔细研究比较,结合我国实际情况,提出了以下五种有益于我国海洋可再生能源开发的法律制度,即:海洋可再生能源开发综合管理制度、海洋可再生能源开发市场融资制度、海洋可再生能源开发税收优惠制度、海洋可再生能源发展基金制度和海洋可再生能源开发环境保护制度。
[Abstract]:Marine renewable energy is the renewable natural energy in the ocean water, which mainly includes tidal energy, temperature difference energy, wave energy, tidal energy, salt difference energy and so on. With the decrease of fossil energy and the increasingly serious environmental problems, more and more attention has been paid to the development and utilization of marine renewable energy. Our country has a long coastline and vast sea area, which contains abundant marine energy resources. The exploitation of these marine renewable energy sources is not only beneficial to the construction of an environment-friendly resource-saving society in China, Also directly for our coastal cities and offshore islands to provide electricity. Moreover, the comprehensive utilization of marine renewable energy will bring good economic benefits to local residents. At present, the development of marine renewable energy in China is mainly focused on tidal energy, wave energy and tidal energy, and the development of salt difference energy and temperature difference energy is still in the stage of research and experiment. Small-scale tidal power generation technology is basically mature, and the technology and equipment can be independently completed by themselves. The development of tidal energy and wave energy has also made great progress in recent years. However, the exploitation of marine renewable energy is still weak compared with other renewable energy sources. The main reasons are that the marine renewable energy has large reserves but low energy density and is not easy to use, and the initial cost of development is too high. Of course, the most important reason is that the state does not pay enough attention to it and lacks the support of relevant policies and legal protection. Throughout the successful experience of the development of marine renewable energy in foreign countries, the support of the government and the mandatory provisions of the law are the great power to promote the development of marine energy. In this paper, five important legal systems of marine renewable energy development abroad are analyzed and summarized: renewable energy quota system, fixed electricity price system, tax system, renewable energy fund system and government financial subsidy system. Through the careful research and comparison of these systems and the actual situation of our country, this paper puts forward the following five legal systems beneficial to the development of marine renewable energy in our country, namely: the integrated management system of marine renewable energy development. Marine renewable energy development market financing system, marine renewable energy development tax preferential system, marine renewable energy development fund system and marine renewable energy development environment protection system.
【学位授予单位】：中国海洋大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D922.6;F426.2
[Abstract]:Marine renewable energy is the renewable natural energy in the ocean water, which mainly includes tidal energy, temperature difference energy, wave energy, tidal energy, salt difference energy and so on. With the decrease of fossil energy and the increasingly serious environmental problems, more and more attention has been paid to the development and utilization of marine renewable energy. Our country has a long coastline and vast sea area, which contains abundant marine energy resources. The exploitation of these marine renewable energy sources is not only beneficial to the construction of an environment-friendly resource-saving society in China, Also directly for our coastal cities and offshore islands to provide electricity. Moreover, the comprehensive utilization of marine renewable energy will bring good economic benefits to local residents. At present, the development of marine renewable energy in China is mainly focused on tidal energy, wave energy and tidal energy, and the development of salt difference energy and temperature difference energy is still in the stage of research and experiment. Small-scale tidal power generation technology is basically mature, and the technology and equipment can be independently completed by themselves. The development of tidal energy and wave energy has also made great progress in recent years. However, the exploitation of marine renewable energy is still weak compared with other renewable energy sources. The main reasons are that the marine renewable energy has large reserves but low energy density and is not easy to use, and the initial cost of development is too high. Of course, the most important reason is that the state does not pay enough attention to it and lacks the support of relevant policies and legal protection. Throughout the successful experience of the development of marine renewable energy in foreign countries, the support of the government and the mandatory provisions of the law are the great power to promote the development of marine energy. In this paper, five important legal systems of marine renewable energy development abroad are analyzed and summarized: renewable energy quota system, fixed electricity price system, tax system, renewable energy fund system and government financial subsidy system. Through the careful research and comparison of these systems and the actual situation of our country, this paper puts forward the following five legal systems beneficial to the development of marine renewable energy in our country, namely: the integrated management system of marine renewable energy development. Marine renewable energy development market financing system, marine renewable energy development tax preferential system, marine renewable energy development fund system and marine renewable energy development environment protection system.
【学位授予单位】：中国海洋大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D922.6;F426.2
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