论完善流域生态补偿机制的立法对策
发布时间：2018-09-17 10:13
【摘要】： 随着我国工业化和城市化进程的演进,经济增长和社会发展中的水资源安全问题已越来越突出,跨行政区的水污染、水短缺和水浪费三种现象并存,成为制约我国经济发展和社会进步的重要瓶颈。加快构建和完善流域生态补偿机制,采取经济和法律手段解决下游地区对上游地区、开发地区对保护地区、受益地区对受损地区的利益补偿,对于维持流域上下游行政区际生态建设“义务与权益”的平衡和促进区域经济社会协调发展等都具有重要意义。 论文共分五章。第一章探讨了流域生态补偿法的调整对象及其与相关法律的关系; 第二章探讨了建立流域生态补偿法律制度的经济学的理论依据、法理学依据及现实依据; 第三章探讨了国外包括我国环境管理实践中许多行之有效的管理手段和工具。通过制度借鉴与比较,可以看出流域生态补偿机制,事实上已经在某种程度上得到了应用,只不过还缺乏对该制度的理论分析和精确设计; 第四章构建流域生态补偿制度的基本框架。流域生态补偿法律制度的设计,主要围绕“谁补偿谁、补偿多少、怎么补偿”三个基本问题,明确补偿标准、补偿方式以及流域生态补偿资金的监督、管理和使用。流域生态补偿既包括流域生态受益者补偿生态贡献者,又包括流域生态破坏者对生态受损者赔偿以及流域上下游行政区际政府之间的转移支付;流域生态补偿应当坚持的原则;流域生态补偿资金的征收标准;流域生态补偿方式;多渠道筹集生态补偿资金,实现生态补偿资金的统一管理和专款专用,建立规范的项目招标和监管机制,建立补偿资金使用效益的评价机制。 第五章最后分析了建立流域生态补偿制度的现实障碍,并从环境保护意识上、制度设计上予以加强和完善。最后提出完善流域生态补偿机制的政策建议和立法建议,以期推动相关政策的出台和立法的完善。 当前我国尚未出台全国性或区域性的流域生态补偿法规,加快完善流域生态补偿机制及其立法工作具有重要意义。论文从“技术可行性——经济可行性——政治可行性”等多个层面系统阐述流域生态补偿立法的目标、指导思想、基本框架、制度技术障碍及其对策等,为相关部门立法提供具有决策参考价值。这也是论文可能创新之处。
[Abstract]:With the development of industrialization and urbanization in our country, the problem of water resources security in economic growth and social development has become more and more prominent. Water pollution, water shortage and water waste coexist in cross-administrative regions. It has become an important bottleneck restricting the economic development and social progress of our country. Accelerate the construction and improvement of watershed ecological compensation mechanism, and adopt economic and legal means to solve the interests compensation of downstream areas to upstream areas, development areas to protected areas, and beneficiary areas to damaged areas. It is of great significance to maintain the balance of "obligation and rights" in the ecological construction of upstream and downstream regions and to promote the coordinated development of regional economy and society. The thesis is divided into five chapters. The first chapter discusses the adjustment object of watershed ecological compensation law and its relationship with relevant laws, the second chapter discusses the economic theoretical basis of establishing watershed ecological compensation legal system. The third chapter discusses many effective management methods and tools in the practice of environmental management in foreign countries, including our country. Through institutional reference and comparison, we can see that the watershed ecological compensation mechanism has in fact been applied to some extent. The fourth chapter constructs the basic framework of watershed ecological compensation system. The design of the legal system of watershed ecological compensation mainly revolves around three basic problems: who compensates who, how much and how to compensate, and clarifies the compensation standard, compensation method and supervision, management and use of watershed ecological compensation funds. Watershed ecological compensation includes not only the ecological contributors of watershed ecological beneficiaries, but also the compensation for ecological damage by watershed ecological spoilers and the transfer payment between the upper and lower administrative regions of the basin, the principle of watershed ecological compensation should be adhered to. Standards of collection of watershed ecological compensation funds; watershed ecological compensation methods; multi-channel collection of ecological compensation funds; realization of unified management and special purpose of ecological compensation funds; establishment of standardized project bidding and supervision mechanisms; Establish an evaluation mechanism for the use of compensation funds. The fifth chapter analyzes the practical obstacles to the establishment of watershed ecological compensation system, and strengthens and perfects the system design from the perspective of environmental protection consciousness. Finally, it puts forward the policy suggestions and legislative suggestions to improve the watershed ecological compensation mechanism, in order to promote the introduction of relevant policies and the perfection of legislation. At present, there are no national or regional regulations on watershed ecological compensation in China. It is of great significance to speed up the improvement of watershed ecological compensation mechanism and its legislative work. From the aspects of "technical feasibility-economic feasibility-political feasibility" and so on, the paper systematically expounds the objectives, guiding ideology, basic framework, system and technical obstacles and countermeasures of watershed ecological compensation legislation. For the relevant department legislation to provide a decision-making reference value. This is where the paper may be innovative.
【学位授予单位】：厦门大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2008
【分类号】：D922.6
本文编号：2245542
[Abstract]:With the development of industrialization and urbanization in our country, the problem of water resources security in economic growth and social development has become more and more prominent. Water pollution, water shortage and water waste coexist in cross-administrative regions. It has become an important bottleneck restricting the economic development and social progress of our country. Accelerate the construction and improvement of watershed ecological compensation mechanism, and adopt economic and legal means to solve the interests compensation of downstream areas to upstream areas, development areas to protected areas, and beneficiary areas to damaged areas. It is of great significance to maintain the balance of "obligation and rights" in the ecological construction of upstream and downstream regions and to promote the coordinated development of regional economy and society. The thesis is divided into five chapters. The first chapter discusses the adjustment object of watershed ecological compensation law and its relationship with relevant laws, the second chapter discusses the economic theoretical basis of establishing watershed ecological compensation legal system. The third chapter discusses many effective management methods and tools in the practice of environmental management in foreign countries, including our country. Through institutional reference and comparison, we can see that the watershed ecological compensation mechanism has in fact been applied to some extent. The fourth chapter constructs the basic framework of watershed ecological compensation system. The design of the legal system of watershed ecological compensation mainly revolves around three basic problems: who compensates who, how much and how to compensate, and clarifies the compensation standard, compensation method and supervision, management and use of watershed ecological compensation funds. Watershed ecological compensation includes not only the ecological contributors of watershed ecological beneficiaries, but also the compensation for ecological damage by watershed ecological spoilers and the transfer payment between the upper and lower administrative regions of the basin, the principle of watershed ecological compensation should be adhered to. Standards of collection of watershed ecological compensation funds; watershed ecological compensation methods; multi-channel collection of ecological compensation funds; realization of unified management and special purpose of ecological compensation funds; establishment of standardized project bidding and supervision mechanisms; Establish an evaluation mechanism for the use of compensation funds. The fifth chapter analyzes the practical obstacles to the establishment of watershed ecological compensation system, and strengthens and perfects the system design from the perspective of environmental protection consciousness. Finally, it puts forward the policy suggestions and legislative suggestions to improve the watershed ecological compensation mechanism, in order to promote the introduction of relevant policies and the perfection of legislation. At present, there are no national or regional regulations on watershed ecological compensation in China. It is of great significance to speed up the improvement of watershed ecological compensation mechanism and its legislative work. From the aspects of "technical feasibility-economic feasibility-political feasibility" and so on, the paper systematically expounds the objectives, guiding ideology, basic framework, system and technical obstacles and countermeasures of watershed ecological compensation legislation. For the relevant department legislation to provide a decision-making reference value. This is where the paper may be innovative.
【学位授予单位】：厦门大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2008
【分类号】：D922.6
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