论我国环境资源审判的完善

发布时间：2018-10-07 18:48

【摘要】：近年来,环境资源纠纷案件数量呈现出快速增长的趋势,其中的重大环境污染事件已经严重影响到公众的生存质量,成为社会的不稳定因素。对完善环境资源审判的研究,是我国生态文明建设的客观需要,也是回应公众对环境司法新期待的内在驱动。然而,我国的环境资源审判工作在实践中存在着很多困境,阻碍了立法目的的实现,不利于公众环境权的保护,需要学习借鉴国外环境资源审判以及国内知识产权审判的经验。美国根据环境案件的特点并结合本国国情发展了环境公民诉讼,在放宽原告资格、制定诉前通知程序、适用律师费转移条款等方面做出了有益的探索,成效明显。澳大利亚新南威尔士州成立土地与环境法院,在案件受理方面采取综合且集中的管辖权,在诉讼规则中适用专家证人制度,取得了良好的司法效果。国内的知识产权审判工作发展迅速,不仅在北京、上海、广州成立了专门的知识产权法院,而且在全国范围内铺开“三合一”工作。此外,知识产权审判在完善审判制度方面积累了许多经验,比如建立与有关部门的沟通联络机制、打造专业的知识产权审判队伍以及定期发布知识产权案例等等。本文通过法律体系的完善和专门审判机构的成立两个层面阐述我国环境资源审判的发展历程。得益于国家的大力支持以及公众高涨的环保热情,环境资源审判取得的成绩有目共睹。然而,环境资源审判起步较晚,保障不足,尚不能充分发挥维护环境正义的审判职能。因此,目前的环境资源审判集中表现出来审判不能、审判不力、审判不足等困境,迫切需要进行法制改革以完善环境资源审判制度。环境问题是全球化的问题之一,联合国人类环境会议被认为是国际社会重视生态环境保护的一个重要里程碑,它标志着全球良心觉醒和真正的生态时代的开始。①放眼西方,许多国家在20世纪70年底前后大量制定国内环境法,持续完善环境资源审判制度,值得我们借鉴和吸收。反观国内,知识产权由改革开放前的基本空白发展至今日跨进世界先进行列,其在审判制度方面的成熟技术和先进经验,为完善我国的环境资源审判提供了参考。在文章的最后,笔者建议建立环境资源审判集中管辖制度和归口审理模式以完善环境资源审判庭的布局,通过建立环境诉讼费用负担制度、专家陪审制度以完善环境资源审判诉讼规则。此外,笔者建议从继续放宽原告资格以及重视环境行政公益诉讼层面完善环境公益诉讼审判制度,建立与行政执法机关、检察机关的协调-衔接机制等。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the number of environmental and resource disputes has shown a trend of rapid growth, in which the major environmental pollution events have seriously affected the quality of life of the public, and become a social unstable factor. The study of perfecting environmental resources trial is the objective need of the construction of ecological civilization in China and the internal driving force of responding to the public's new expectation of environmental justice. However, there are many difficulties in the practice of environmental resources trial in China, which hinders the realization of legislative purpose and is not conducive to the protection of public environmental rights. Therefore, it is necessary to learn from the experience of foreign environmental resources trials and domestic intellectual property trials. According to the characteristics of environmental cases, the United States has developed environmental citizen litigation according to its own national conditions. It has made a beneficial exploration in relaxing the plaintiff's qualification, formulating the procedure of pre-lawsuit notification and applying the transfer clause of lawyers' fees. The Land and Environment Court was set up in New South Wales, Australia, which adopts comprehensive and centralized jurisdiction in accepting cases, and applies the expert witness system to the rules of procedure, which has achieved good judicial effect. Domestic intellectual property trial has developed rapidly, not only in Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, set up special intellectual property courts, but also in the national scope of the "three-in-one" work. In addition, intellectual property trials have accumulated a lot of experience in perfecting the trial system, such as establishing communication and liaison mechanism with relevant departments, building professional intellectual property trial teams and issuing intellectual property cases regularly. This paper expounds the development course of environmental resources trial in China from two aspects: the perfection of legal system and the establishment of specialized judicial institutions. Thanks to strong state support and public enthusiasm for environmental protection, the achievements of environmental resources trials are obvious to all. However, the environmental resources trial starts late, the safeguard is insufficient, and can not give full play to the judicial function of safeguarding the environmental justice. Therefore, the current environmental resources trial mainly shows that the trial cannot, the trial is weak, the trial is insufficient, and so on. Therefore, it is urgent to carry on the legal system reform in order to perfect the environmental resources trial system. The environmental problem is one of the problems of globalization. The United Nations Conference on the Human Environment is regarded as an important milestone in the attention of the international community to the protection of the ecological environment. It marks the awakening of the global conscience and the beginning of a real ecological era. Many countries formulated a large number of domestic environmental laws around the end of the 20th century, and continued to improve the environmental resources trial system, which is worthy of our reference and absorption. On the other hand, the intellectual property rights have developed from the basic blank before the reform and opening up to the advanced ranks of the world today. Its mature technology and advanced experience in the judicial system provide a reference for perfecting the environmental resources trial in our country. At the end of the article, the author suggests to establish the system of centralized jurisdiction of environmental and resources trial and the mode of centralized trial in order to perfect the layout of the court of environmental resources, and to establish the system of burden of environmental litigation expenses. Expert jury system to perfect the environmental resources trial rules. In addition, the author suggests to improve the trial system of environmental public interest litigation from the aspects of continuing to relax the plaintiff's qualification and attach importance to environmental administrative public interest litigation, and to establish the coordination and convergence mechanism with administrative law enforcement agencies and procuratorial organs, etc.
【学位授予单位】：山东科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D922.68

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