海洋环境污染损害赔偿民事责任主体研究
发布时间：2018-10-09 09:02
【摘要】： 防止海洋环境污染和对污染受害人救济,是当前国际社会最关心的议题之一,世界各国围绕此议题,签署了大量相关的国际公约、协定和制定了一系列的国内立法来寻求解决的办法。 海洋环境之所以受到如此严重的污染,最根本的原因是人类的活动所致。本文认为,要想从根本上防止海洋环境污染,使受害人得到合理的救济,就必须找到问题的结症所在——责任者,分清到底是谁污染了我们的绿色家园,谁要对污染损害行为负责。只有让“污染者”不再肆意地污染海洋环境,才能从根本上防止海洋环境污染。但是现实中,由于相关法律规定的缺位以及某些责任主体处于自身利益而有意地规避法律,污染责任全体的确立往往非常困难。研究海洋环境污染损害责任主体,无疑是实现解决海洋环境污染问题最基本、最有效的途径。 针对上述问题,本文首先运用法理学和民法学的基本理论,分析海洋环境污染责任主体的相关概念和特点,研究责任主体以及责任主体的界定问题。然后,从不同污染源的角度,结合国内法律法规、国际公约和先进的国外立法,具体讨论船源污染、海洋工程、海岸工程、陆源污染物等不同污染源下的责任主体。并针对在实务界和理论界中,争论较大的、不易确定的责任主体进行了重点分析,总结不同污染源责任主体的最新理念和立法趋向,并提出了相关戙立法建议。 针对在跨界海洋环境污染中,国家以及某些组织是否应当成为民事赔偿责任主体的激励争论,本文设单独章节,专门分析了国家和基金组织成为海洋侵权责任主体的特殊法律地位,以及国家成为责任主体的必要性和立法趋势。 本文认为,防止海洋环境污染和保障污染受害人的利益,是有关海洋环境保护的各个国际公约、协定以及国内立法的共同价值取向。而责任主体的确定问题,实际上是立法者的价值取向问题。在海洋环境污染越来越严重,构建人和自然相和谐社会的时代背景下,我国立法者在今后的有关海洋环境保护的立法中,可以借鉴美国OPA90的立法模式,倾向于保护海洋环境和保障受害人的利益,制定符合我国实际的海洋环境污染赔偿法。
[Abstract]:The prevention of pollution of the marine environment and the relief of the victims of pollution are currently one of the most important issues of concern to the international community. Around this issue, various countries in the world have signed a large number of relevant international conventions. The agreement and the enactment of a series of domestic legislation to find a solution. The most fundamental reason why the marine environment is so polluted is human activities. In this paper, if we want to prevent the pollution of the marine environment fundamentally and make the victims get reasonable relief, we must find out who is responsible for the problem and who pollutes our green home. Who is responsible for the pollution damage. Only when polluters are allowed not to pollute the marine environment indiscriminately, can the pollution of marine environment be prevented fundamentally. However, in reality, due to the absence of relevant legal provisions and the intentional evasion of the law by some responsible subjects in their own interests, the establishment of the whole liability for pollution is often very difficult. It is undoubtedly the most basic and effective way to solve the problem of marine environmental pollution by studying the subject responsible for marine environmental pollution damage. In view of the above problems, this paper first applies the basic theories of jurisprudence and civil law to analyze the related concepts and characteristics of the subject of marine environmental pollution responsibility, and to study the definition of the subject of responsibility and the subject of responsibility. Then, from the point of view of different pollution sources, combined with domestic laws and regulations, international conventions and advanced foreign legislation, the main responsibilities under different sources of pollution, such as ship-source pollution, marine engineering, coastal engineering, land-based pollutants and so on, are discussed in detail. In addition, the author focuses on the analysis of the main body of responsibility, which is controversial and difficult to determine in the field of practice and theory, summarizes the latest ideas and legislative trends of the subject of responsibility for different pollution sources, and puts forward some relevant legislative suggestions. In view of the incentive debate whether the state and some organizations should be the subject of civil liability in the transboundary marine environmental pollution, this paper has a separate chapter. The special legal status of the state and the IMF as the subject of marine tort liability is analyzed, and the necessity and legislative trend of the state becoming the subject of liability are also analyzed. This paper holds that the prevention of marine environmental pollution and the protection of the interests of the victims of pollution are the common value orientations of the international conventions, agreements and domestic legislation concerning the protection of the marine environment. In fact, the problem of determining the subject of responsibility is the value orientation of the legislator. Under the background of constructing harmonious society between man and nature, the legislator of our country can draw lessons from the legislation of OPA90 in the future in the legislation of marine environment protection. It tends to protect the marine environment and protect the interests of the victims, and formulate a compensation law for marine environmental pollution in accordance with the actual situation of our country.
【学位授予单位】：大连海事大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2008
【分类号】：D922.6
[Abstract]:The prevention of pollution of the marine environment and the relief of the victims of pollution are currently one of the most important issues of concern to the international community. Around this issue, various countries in the world have signed a large number of relevant international conventions. The agreement and the enactment of a series of domestic legislation to find a solution. The most fundamental reason why the marine environment is so polluted is human activities. In this paper, if we want to prevent the pollution of the marine environment fundamentally and make the victims get reasonable relief, we must find out who is responsible for the problem and who pollutes our green home. Who is responsible for the pollution damage. Only when polluters are allowed not to pollute the marine environment indiscriminately, can the pollution of marine environment be prevented fundamentally. However, in reality, due to the absence of relevant legal provisions and the intentional evasion of the law by some responsible subjects in their own interests, the establishment of the whole liability for pollution is often very difficult. It is undoubtedly the most basic and effective way to solve the problem of marine environmental pollution by studying the subject responsible for marine environmental pollution damage. In view of the above problems, this paper first applies the basic theories of jurisprudence and civil law to analyze the related concepts and characteristics of the subject of marine environmental pollution responsibility, and to study the definition of the subject of responsibility and the subject of responsibility. Then, from the point of view of different pollution sources, combined with domestic laws and regulations, international conventions and advanced foreign legislation, the main responsibilities under different sources of pollution, such as ship-source pollution, marine engineering, coastal engineering, land-based pollutants and so on, are discussed in detail. In addition, the author focuses on the analysis of the main body of responsibility, which is controversial and difficult to determine in the field of practice and theory, summarizes the latest ideas and legislative trends of the subject of responsibility for different pollution sources, and puts forward some relevant legislative suggestions. In view of the incentive debate whether the state and some organizations should be the subject of civil liability in the transboundary marine environmental pollution, this paper has a separate chapter. The special legal status of the state and the IMF as the subject of marine tort liability is analyzed, and the necessity and legislative trend of the state becoming the subject of liability are also analyzed. This paper holds that the prevention of marine environmental pollution and the protection of the interests of the victims of pollution are the common value orientations of the international conventions, agreements and domestic legislation concerning the protection of the marine environment. In fact, the problem of determining the subject of responsibility is the value orientation of the legislator. Under the background of constructing harmonious society between man and nature, the legislator of our country can draw lessons from the legislation of OPA90 in the future in the legislation of marine environment protection. It tends to protect the marine environment and protect the interests of the victims, and formulate a compensation law for marine environmental pollution in accordance with the actual situation of our country.
【学位授予单位】：大连海事大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2008
【分类号】：D922.6
【引证文献】
相关期刊论文 前1条
1 王超锋;;跨界海洋污染侵权的民事法律主体探究[J];五邑大学学报(社会科学版);2011年03期
相关硕士学位论文 前8条
1 曹怡;论海洋生态损害民事诉讼检察机关原告资格[D];大连海事大学;2011年
2 刘广月;论跨界环境损害责任认定及赔偿[D];大连海事大学;2010年
3 贾云云;海上运输管线泄漏污染损害侵权责任研究[D];大连海事大学;2012年
4 李珂;船舶油污损害赔偿法律问题研究[D];中国海洋大学;2012年
5 汪清_";论海洋环境污染损害的行政救助[D];大连海事大学;2012年
6 刘伟婧;海上石油开发环境侵权责任研究[D];西南财经大学;2012年
7 姬运;海上环境侵权的赔偿与救济研究[D];山东大学;2013年
8 林翱e，
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