林权客体研究

发布时间：2018-10-11 18:59

【摘要】：我国现行的林权法律制度中对林权客体的规定过于简单,以传统的对林业资源经济性价值的追求为指导思想,将林权客体定义为森林、林木、林地,忽视了社会对林业资源巨大生态性价值的需求,导致林权改革实践中诸多问题的产生,不利于我国林业的可持续发展。对林权客体的深入研究有助于完善林权理论和林业相关法律法规,有助于推动我国的林权制度改革,促进林业的良性发展。但学术界对林权客体相关问题的研究却并未给予足够重视,不仅鲜有对林权客体的直接研究,其间接研究也多停留在现有的法律规定层面,缺乏对其应然性含义的深入探讨,更未涉及对林权客体界定准则的归纳、总结。运用文献研究法、系统研究法、比较研究法,从林权客体理论入手,通过对中国林权客体历史发展的分析和国外林权客体相关内容的考察,对正确界定林权客体的指导思想、基本原则,以及中国林权客体应当包括的具体内容进行了总结。从法理学角度对林权客体的应然性概念进行解释,运用民法学、林学、经济学理论,剖析林权客体应当满足的要求,分析林权客体具备的特殊性,进而总结出林权客体是林权的外部描述和静态说明,必须能够体现林权反映的社会利益需求,必须能够包含能反映林业生态性价值的客体;林权客体同森林资源密切相关,具有地理上的天然关联性,合理安排林权客体,必须尊重林业资源的自然属性;林权客体具有“物”和“公共物品”的属性,对林权客体的规定必须详实、具体。通过深入分析我国土地改革时期、农业合作化时期、人民公社时期、“三定”改革时期林权客体的变化,得出林权客体的外延和内涵并非一成不变,而应随社会需求的变化作出相应调整;指出我国当代林权客体规定欠缺立法层面上的科学性,缺乏能集中反映林业资源生态性价值的客体,其原因正在于缺乏正确、合理的林权客体界定原则和相关学科专业知识、技术的支撑。在借鉴日本“流域森林”、“森林碳汇”理念,俄罗斯“森林资源”理念和美国“森林生态系统”理念的基础上,最终概括总结出正确界定林权客体必须坚持以社会利益需求为最终目标、以森林生态系统为基本出发点、以现实科学技术为支撑的指导思想;必须以能够反映林业资源的经济价值、生态价值、文化价值为基本原则;中国林权客体的范围中应当包含林木、林地、林下其他生物,尤其是森林碳汇、森林景观等能集中体现林业生态性价值的新兴客体。
[Abstract]:The object of forest right is too simple in the current legal system of forest right in our country. Taking the traditional pursuit of economic value of forestry resources as the guiding ideology, the object of forest right is defined as forest, forest land. The social demand for the huge ecological value of forestry resources has been ignored, which has led to the emergence of many problems in the practice of forest property right reform, which is not conducive to the sustainable development of forestry in China. The research on the object of forest right is helpful to perfect the theory of forest right and the relevant laws and regulations of forestry, to promote the reform of forest right system in our country, and to promote the benign development of forestry. However, the academic circles have not paid enough attention to the research on the object of forest right. Not only are there few direct studies on the object of forest right, but the indirect research also stops at the level of the existing laws and regulations, and there is a lack of in-depth discussion on the meaning of the right to be. Moreover, it does not involve the induction and summary of the criteria of defining the object of forest rights. By using the methods of literature research, systematic research and comparative research, starting with the theory of forest right object, through the analysis of the historical development of Chinese forest right object and the investigation of the relevant contents of foreign forest right object, the guiding ideology of defining the forest right object correctly is put forward. The basic principles and the concrete contents of the object of forest right in China are summarized. From the angle of jurisprudence, this paper explains the concept of "ought to be" of the object of forest right, analyzes the requirements that the object of forest right should meet, and analyzes the particularity of the object of forest right by using the theories of civil law, forestry and economics. It is concluded that the object of forest right is the external description and static explanation of forest right, it must be able to reflect the demand of social interests reflected by forest right, and must include the object that can reflect the ecological value of forestry, and the object of forest right is closely related to forest resources. In order to arrange the object of forest right reasonably, the natural attribute of forestry resource must be respected, and the object of forest right must be specified in detail and concretely because it has the attributes of "thing" and "public goods". Through the in-depth analysis of the changes of the objects of forest rights during the period of land reform, the period of agricultural cooperation, the period of people's commune and the period of "Sanding" reform, it is concluded that the extension and connotation of the objects of forest rights are not invariable. The author points out that the object stipulation of forest right in our country lacks the science of legislation and the object which can reflect the ecological value of forestry resources, which is due to the lack of correctness. The reasonable definition principle of the object of forest right and the support of the related discipline specialized knowledge and technology. Based on the concepts of "watershed forest", "forest carbon sink" in Japan, "forest resources" in Russia and "forest ecosystem" in the United States, Finally, it summarizes the guiding ideology that the object of forest right must be defined correctly with social interests as the ultimate goal, forest ecosystem as the basic starting point and science and technology as the support. The basic principle must be to reflect the economic value, ecological value and cultural value of forestry resources. The scope of the object of Chinese forest rights should include trees, forest land, other living things, especially forest carbon sinks. Forest landscape and other emerging objects that can embody the ecological value of forestry.
【学位授予单位】：西北农林科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D922.63;F326.2

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