我国森林生态效益补偿法律制度研究

发布时间：2018-10-23 08:13

【摘要】：森林作为陆地生态系统的主体,具有保持水土、防风固沙、涵养水源、改善环境、净化空气等重大的生态效益。森林生态效益作为一种典型的公共产品,其自身所具有的正外部性使得任何组织和个人均无需付出相应的代价而享有该项服务,生态服务的提供者也可能因缺乏经济效益而降低保护森林生态积极性。因此,经济利益与环境保护之间的矛盾使我国森林生态保护工作面临着严峻的困难。而建立科学合理的森林生态效益补偿法律制度,运用法律的手段调整相关主体之间环境利益和经济利益的分配关系,使生态破坏者和受益者对其破坏或无偿享用的生态效益承担应负的责任并进行相应的补偿,生态保护者及受害者则能够得到其应得的经济回报和赔偿,已经成为我国保持发展权环境权之间的协调,促进人与自然和谐发展的有效途径。本文主要分为四个部分：第一部分介绍了森林生态效益补偿法律制度的概况,包括森林生态效益补偿法律制度相关概念的界定以及森林生态效益补偿法律制度的重要意义、理论基础和原则。第二部分主要介绍了国外森林生态效益补偿法律制度的立法实践及对我国的启示。列举了不同国家有关森林生态效益补偿的立法动态,分别对美国、德国和日本的法律制度进行对比分析,汲取其中的成功经验。第三部分对我国森林生态效益补偿的立法现状进行详尽论述,并从法律体系和内容两方面提出现行补偿制度存在的问题：如法律缺失问题、林业产权问题、补偿主体问题、补偿标准问题、资金来源和管理问题、补偿范围问题、补偿方式问题等。第四部分探讨了完善森林生态效益补偿法律制度的若干建议。从建立健全我国生态补偿配套法律体系的建议、完善我国森林生态效益补偿法律制度的具体对策以及对森林生态效益市场化的补偿途径这三个方面着手。
[Abstract]:As the main body of terrestrial ecosystem, forest has great ecological benefits, such as soil and water conservation, wind and sand prevention, water conservation, environment improvement and air purification. As a typical public product, forest ecological benefit has its own positive externality, which makes any organization and individual enjoy the service without paying the corresponding price. The providers of ecological services may also reduce the forest ecological enthusiasm due to the lack of economic benefits. Therefore, the contradiction between economic interests and environmental protection makes forest ecological protection in China face severe difficulties. To establish a scientific and reasonable legal system for compensation of forest ecological benefits, and to adjust the distribution relationship between environmental and economic interests among relevant subjects by means of law. To hold ecological spoilers and beneficiaries responsible for and compensate for the ecological benefits that they have destroyed or enjoyed free of charge, and that conservationists and victims can receive the economic returns and compensation they deserve, It has become an effective way to maintain the coordination between the right to development and promote the harmonious development of man and nature. This paper is divided into four parts: the first part introduces the general situation of forest ecological benefit compensation legal system. It includes the definition of the relevant concepts of the forest ecological benefit compensation legal system and the significance, theoretical basis and principle of the forest ecological benefit compensation legal system. The second part mainly introduces the legislative practice of foreign forest ecological benefit compensation legal system and its enlightenment to our country. This paper lists the legislative trends of forest ecological benefit compensation in different countries and makes a comparative analysis of the legal systems of the United States, Germany and Japan in order to draw on the successful experience. In the third part, the legislation status of forest ecological benefit compensation in China is discussed in detail, and the problems existing in the current compensation system are put forward from two aspects: lack of law, forestry property right, compensation subject. Compensation standard problem, fund source and management problem, compensation scope problem, compensation method problem and so on. In the fourth part, some suggestions on how to perfect the legal system of forest ecological benefit compensation are discussed. From the suggestion of establishing and perfecting the supporting legal system of ecological compensation in our country, the concrete countermeasures of perfecting the legal system of forest ecological benefit compensation in our country and the compensation ways to the marketization of forest ecological benefit are put forward.
【学位授予单位】：西北民族大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D922.6;F326.2

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