环境纠纷行政处理的法制化研究

发布时间：2018-10-24 14:13

【摘要】： 环境问题,关系到地球上每个国家、人民的前途和命运,各种环境污染侵权和生态资源破坏事件日益频繁,人们的生命和财产权益遭受到巨大的损害和威胁,由此引发大量环境纠纷,对社会稳定和经济发展造成极大破坏。因此,解决环境纠纷、化解矛盾是加强生态环境保护的紧迫任务。当今,各国除了运用司法解决环境纠纷外,还积极发展诉讼外的环境纠纷解决途径,尤其是环境纠纷行政处理制度。这一制度是很多国家普遍采用的一种解决此类纠纷的制度。一些国家和地区如韩国、日本以及我国的台湾地区将环境民事纠纷纳入行政处理范畴进行规制,并取得了较好的效果,学者们也开始对这一领域展开积极探索。但我国对行政处理解决环境纠纷这一制度只是在《环境保护法》第41条第2款作了简单而原则的规定。该条款缺乏系统性、操作性而且其中的几个法律用语欠缺严谨,难免使人产生歧义,误导实践,且在实践中纠纷的解决方法仅局限于民事诉讼等传统途径。目前国内的研究多集中在宏观的理论层面或者比较分散的处理细节,并没有形成一套完整的、具有可操作性的行政处理制度。要构建一套行之有效的处理制度,应该主要从处理请求的提起、处理主体、处理程序、处理效力等多方面入手,在现有研究基础上进行整合。但在现实生活中还是无法解决一些问题,当环境纠纷受害人不确定或者受害人不知道所受损害并提起处理请求的情况下,如何保护受害人的利益尚无法律的明确规定,所以应将环境民事纠纷的行政处理制度进行拓展,以利于发挥该制度应有的作用,使环境民事纠纷得到迅速、有效的解决。文章首先对环境纠纷行政处理的相关概念进行界定;其次对我国环境纠纷处理状况进行分析;最后借鉴其他国家成功做法并根据我国的实际情况提出完善我国环境纠纷行政处理制度的具体建议,结合我国法律规定的现状,提出了重构该制度的设想。
[Abstract]:The environmental problem is related to the future and destiny of every country and people on the earth. All kinds of environmental pollution infringement and destruction of ecological resources are more and more frequent, and people's rights and interests of life and property have been greatly damaged and threatened. This led to a large number of environmental disputes, social stability and economic development caused great damage. Therefore, to solve environmental disputes and resolve contradictions is an urgent task to strengthen ecological environmental protection. Nowadays, in addition to judicial settlement of environmental disputes, countries also actively develop the ways to resolve environmental disputes outside litigation, especially the system of administrative handling of environmental disputes. This system is widely used in many countries to resolve such disputes. Some countries and regions, such as Korea, Japan and Taiwan of China, have brought environmental civil disputes into the scope of administrative treatment, and have achieved good results. Scholars have also begun to actively explore this field. However, the system of administrative settlement of environmental disputes in our country is only stipulated in Article 41, paragraph 2, of the Environmental Protection Law. This clause is lack of systematicness and maneuverability, and some of the legal terms are lack of rigour, which inevitably lead to ambiguity and mislead the practice, and the solution of disputes in practice is limited to the traditional ways such as civil litigation. At present, the domestic research focuses on the macroscopic theory level or the scattered processing details, and has not formed a set of complete and operable administrative treatment system. In order to construct a set of effective processing system, we should start with the raising of processing request, the subject of processing, the procedure of dealing with the request, the effectiveness of processing and so on, and integrate it on the basis of the existing research. However, there are still some problems that cannot be solved in real life. When the victim of an environmental dispute is uncertain or the victim is unaware of the damage suffered and the request is processed, there is no clear legal provision on how to protect the interests of the victim. Therefore, the administrative system of environmental civil disputes should be expanded in order to bring the system into full play and to solve the environmental civil disputes quickly and effectively. Firstly, this paper defines the related concepts of administrative management of environmental disputes, and then analyzes the status of environmental disputes in China. In the end, the author draws lessons from the successful practices of other countries and puts forward concrete suggestions to perfect the administrative system of environmental disputes in China according to the actual situation of our country. Combined with the present situation of our country's laws and regulations, this paper puts forward the assumption of reconstructing the system.
【学位授予单位】：东北林业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2008
【分类号】：D922.68;D922.1

【引证文献】