西双版纳生态保护法律问题研究

发布时间：2018-10-25 14:28

【摘要】：环境保护问题作为人类社会发展中的一个重要问题,日益得到人们的重视,对其进行调整的环境法也成为我国法制建设中非常重要的领域。特别是在民族自治地方,如何在保护环境的前提下,利用有限的自然资源发展当地的经济,提高当地居民的生活水平,将直接影响到这些地方的经济建设与发展水平,因此,在民族自治地方加强环境法制建设成为了一个关键的问题。本文通过研究特定地区的生态保护法律问题,将为完善环境法制建设,为有效地预防破坏生态环境的行为和恢复生态环境提供有益借鉴。本文的写作围绕西双版纳生态保护的法律问题进行,探讨生态习惯法的传承,及其与现代法治的冲突与融合,个案与生态保护中的法律变迁等问题。通过研究在国家环境法制统一的大背景下,西双版纳传统生态观念的变迁、当地居民主动或被动接受现代法制的熏陶和洗礼过程,提出为了使生态环境不再恶化、恢复原有的生态环境,西双版纳只有坚持走生态与发展并重的道路,重拾原有的生态知识、重建原有的生态理念,完善环境保护的法律和政策,才能从多种途径恢复生态环境,保护生态环境；从生态保护和人的生存、发展中找到二者的结合点,才能真正实现人与自然的和谐发展。本文包括导论、正文和结语等内容。导论部分介绍了本文的选题意义、文献综述、基本概念的界定等内容。正文包括六章内容。第一章,西双版纳的生态环境及其变化。主要简述西双版纳的生态环境,并对近40年西双版纳生态环境的变化及其原因作了分析和探讨。造成西双版纳生态环境恶化的主要原因是：人口的增长,带来土地承载力的下降；经济利益的驱使；国家法与文化传承的失位。第二章,国家法对西双版纳生态环境的保护。主要从立法上探讨国家法和地方性法规对西双版纳生态环境的保护,并分析了取得的成绩和存在的问题。第三章,西双版纳生态习惯法对生态环境的保护。主要从生态规范中的禁忌及规定,保护生态的习惯法规定等角度探讨生态习惯法对西双版纳生态环境的保护,并阐述了西双版纳生态习惯法具有教育、维护集体利益、保护生物多样性等多种重要功能。第四章,西双版纳田野调查中的个案分析。通过最近两年笔者到西双版纳进行田野调查搜集的资料,整理的笔录,从对森林的保护、对野生动物的保护、对周围生态环境的认知、习惯法的变迁等内容进行个案分析。第五章,生态习惯法与现代环境法律机制建设的关系。通过分析国家法对习惯法的吸收,习惯法对国家法制的认同和补充等问题,探讨现代法制背景下生态习惯法的主要功能。第六章,完善西双版纳生态保护法律制度。西双版纳的生态保护法律建设应该兼顾发展和保护,在保护的同时合理利用自然资源。需要重视地方性知识、重构生态理念,完善立法、执法和生态补偿等法律制度,加强公众参与和生态保护的国际合作,从而建设环境友好型社会。结语主要观点：西双版纳生态环境保护的主要目的在于实现人与自然的和谐发展,因此需要通过国家法制和习惯法的结合,依靠政策制定者和当地政府、居民的共同努力才能达到生态保护的目的。
[Abstract]:As an important issue in the development of human society, environmental protection has been paid more attention to, and the environmental law for its adjustment has become a very important field in our country's legal system construction. Especially in national autonomous areas, how to use limited natural resources to develop the local economy under the premise of protecting the environment, improve the living standard of the local residents, directly affect the economic construction and development level of these places, therefore, Strengthening environmental law construction in national autonomous areas has become a key issue. By studying the ecological protection law in a specific area, this paper will provide a useful reference for perfecting the environmental legal system, preventing and destroying the ecological environment effectively and restoring the ecological environment. This article discusses the legal problems of ecological protection in Xishuang, discusses the inheritance of ecological common law, and its conflict and integration with the modern rule of law, and the legal changes in case and ecological protection. In order to make the ecological environment worse and restore the original life, the local residents actively or passively accept the development and baptism of modern legal system in the background of the unification of the national environmental law. In the state-of-state, Xishuang has only adhered to the path of ecology and development, and restored the original ecological knowledge, rebuilt the original ecological concept and perfect the laws and policies of environmental protection, so as to restore the ecological environment from various ways, protect the ecological environment, and protect the ecological environment from the ecological environment. The existence and development of both human and nature can be realized in the existence and development of human and nature. Harmonic development. This article includes introduction, positive The introduction part introduces the significance of the topic selection, the literature review and so on. Definition of basic concepts, etc. Content. Body includes six chapters. In the first chapter, the ecological environment and its changes in Xishuang are mainly described in the paper. The change of the ecological environment and its causes are analyzed and discussed. The driving of economic interests; the loss of national law and cultural inheritance. In the second chapter, the national law protects the ecological environment of Xishuang. It mainly discusses the national law and local regulations on the legislation. The protection of the ecological environment and the analysis of the achievements and the existing questions Chapter three, the protection of the ecological environment by the ecological common law in Xishuang, discusses the protection of ecological and customary law on the ecological environment, and expounds the ecological habits of Xishuang from the angle of taboos and regulations in the ecological norms and the provisions of the customary law of protecting the ecology. Law has education, maintenance of collective interests, protection of biological diversity Chapter 4, the case analysis in the field investigation of Xishuang. Through the recent two years, the author collected the data collected by the field investigation, the written record, the protection from the forest, and the wild movement. The protection of things, the cognition of surrounding ecological environment, the change of customary law, etc. Chapter 5, the relationship between ecological common law and the construction of modern environmental law mechanism. On the identification and supplement of the national legal system, the article discusses the present situation. The main function of ecological common law under the background of the rule of law. The ecological protection law construction should take into consideration the development and protection, and make rational use of natural resources at the same time. The main purpose of ecological environmental protection is to realize the harmonious development of human and nature, so it needs to be adopted.
【学位授予单位】：中央民族大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D922.68;D927

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