我国企业环保责任制度法律问题研究

发布时间：2018-11-08 21:04

【摘要】： 我国当前经济社会的可持续发展主要表现为经济、人口、资源、环境等因素之间的协调发展。社会是企业的依托,企业是社会的细胞。在社会经济生活中,企业在环境问题中扮演了重要的角色,它既利用先进技术,从自然资源中获取高额利润,但同时也造成一些社会公害泛滥,例如空气、水质污染严重,对公众的健康、安全产生很大威胁,给社会以及环境造成了巨大损害。企业作为社会的自然资源的主要消耗者和自然环境的污染者,对合理利用自然资源以及对环境的合理保护有着不可推卸的责任。尤其是在当前为了实现经济社会可持续发展,我国政府提出由传统的粗放型经济增长模式转变为可持续增长的新型经济模式。在该模式下如何不断增强企业环保责任,成为一个非常现实和紧迫的课题。鉴于此,本文对“我国企业环保责任制度法律问题”这一课题展开了研究。第一部分对企业环保责任进行了概述。首先界定了企业环保责任的内涵和特征,对企业环保责任进行了经济法上的分析,同时阐述了企业承担环保责任的可行性。第二部分分析了我国企业环保责任的问题及原因。指出了我国企业环保责任存在的问题:企业环境意识淡薄、企业危害环境行为严重、企业环境保护措施缺乏、与国际条约规定的标准存在差距等。对存在问题的原因进行了探析:我国企业环保责任法律体系尚不健全,其中包括立法思想上重视不够,现有立法存在许多“盲区”,立法过于分散、凌乱,过于原则,可操作性不强,大多呈现出“软法”的性质;规制企业履行环保责任的约束和激励机制不健全;社会监督机制不健全等。第三部分对国外企业环保责任制度发展现状进行了考察,分别介绍了美国、英国和德国的企业环保责任制度。第四部分为本文的重点,在前文研究基础上提出了我国企业环保责任法制化的对策与建议。首先提出了企业环保责任制度的构建设想:以企业为主、以政府和消费者为辅的环保责任承担主体,以循环经济要求确定承担环保责任的内容,以采取强制-诱导结合为环保责任承担方式的企业环保责任制度。接着分析了我国企业环保责任制度建设的若干具体对策和建议:完善立法引导企业积极履行环保责任;完善我国企业环保责任保险制度;完善规制企业履行环保责任的约束和激励机制;完善我国的生产者责任延伸制度;完善社会监督机制等等,以期通过本文的研究为我国企业环保责任制度的构建起到抛砖引玉的作用。
[Abstract]:The sustainable development of China's current economy and society is mainly manifested in the coordinated development of economy, population, resources, environment and other factors. The society is the support of the enterprise, the enterprise is the cell of the society. In social and economic life, enterprises play an important role in environmental problems. They not only use advanced technology to obtain high profits from natural resources, but also cause widespread social pollution, such as air pollution and serious water pollution. It poses a great threat to public health and safety, and causes great damage to society and the environment. As the main consumers of social natural resources and polluters of natural environment, enterprises have the unshirkable responsibility for the rational use of natural resources and the reasonable protection of the environment. Especially in order to realize the sustainable development of economy and society, the government of our country proposes to change from the traditional extensive economic growth model to the new economic model of sustainable growth. In this mode, how to continuously enhance the environmental responsibility of enterprises has become a very realistic and urgent issue. In view of this, this article has carried on the research to the legal question of our country enterprise environmental protection responsibility system. The first part summarizes the environmental responsibility of enterprises. Firstly, this paper defines the connotation and characteristics of enterprise environmental protection responsibility, analyzes the enterprise environmental protection responsibility on the economic law, and expounds the feasibility of enterprise undertaking environmental protection responsibility at the same time. The second part analyzes the problems and causes of environmental responsibility of Chinese enterprises. This paper points out the problems existing in the environmental protection responsibility of enterprises in our country, such as weak environmental awareness of enterprises, serious environmental harm behavior, lack of environmental protection measures and gap with the standards stipulated by international treaties, etc. This paper analyzes the reasons for the problems: the legal system of environmental protection responsibility of enterprises in our country is not perfect, including the lack of attention to the legislative thought, the existence of many "blind spots" in the existing legislation, the excessive dispersion, disorder and principle of the legislation, The maneuverability is not strong, most of them show the nature of "soft method"; The restraint and incentive mechanism of regulating enterprises to fulfill environmental protection responsibility is not perfect, and the social supervision mechanism is not perfect. The third part investigates the development of environmental responsibility system in foreign enterprises, and introduces the environmental responsibility system of the United States, Britain and Germany respectively. The fourth part is the emphases of this paper, and puts forward the countermeasures and suggestions on the legalization of environmental protection responsibility of enterprises in our country on the basis of the previous research. First of all, the paper puts forward the idea of constructing enterprise environmental protection responsibility system: the main body of environmental protection responsibility, which is mainly enterprise, supplemented by government and consumer, and the content of environmental protection responsibility is determined by the requirement of circular economy. The enterprise environmental protection responsibility system which adopts the compulsive-induced way to assume the environmental protection responsibility. Then it analyzes some concrete countermeasures and suggestions for the construction of environmental protection responsibility system of enterprises in our country: perfecting legislation to guide enterprises to carry out environmental protection responsibility actively, perfecting the insurance system of environmental protection liability of enterprises in our country; Perfecting the restriction and incentive mechanism of regulating enterprises to fulfill environmental protection responsibility, perfecting the extended system of producer responsibility in our country; Improve the social supervision mechanism and so on, with a view to this study for the construction of environmental protection responsibility system of enterprises in China to play a role.
【学位授予单位】：山西财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D922.68

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