水源地利益补偿法律制度研究
发布时间：2018-11-08 21:07
【摘要】： 随着经济的发展和人口的增长,水资源问题越来越成为影响社会前进和发展的重要问题,然而,如果对水源地没有足够的利益补偿,既有违于社会公平原则,也不利于水源地保护生态环境的积极性。因此必须抓紧建立合理、完善的水源地利益补偿制度,促进我国水资源的生态保护和循环利用。笔者通过对前人研究成果的借鉴和我国现有法律制度的探析,从我国水资源的具体生态状况和社会发展水平与社会发展需要出发,对构建我国的水源地利益补偿法律制度提出了一点粗浅的建议,以期为我国的水资源保护建设贡献绵薄之力。 文章主要分四部分,第一部分主要论述了构建水源地利益补偿法律制度的必要性和理论基础。水源地利益补偿既是市场经济的要求,也是保障水资源永续利用的必然选择。同时,建立水源地的利益补偿制度既有经济学上的理论依据,也符合法律的基本精神。可持续发展是我们建立与完善水源地的利益补偿制度的目标,公共资源的“公地悲剧”、资源的稀缺性理论是水源地利益补偿制度的现实依据,而公平公正原则是国家运用法律手段对保护水资源的法理基础。 第二部分主要是对我国水源地利益补偿法律制度的现状进行分析。目前我国还没有建立系统的水源地利益补偿制度,只有一些相关规定,分散于宪法和相关法律法规中。进入新世纪以来,很多地方都进行了积极探索,一些地方还出台了地方性法规,综观整个立法体系,存在以下不足:一是缺乏系统性和规范性,二是法律法规过于原则,缺乏可操作性,三是,对生态补偿认识仍存在缺陷。 第三部分对国外水源地利益补偿法律制度进行了考察。文章首先选取日本的成功经验,因为因其资源的有限性决定对水资源的保护和循环利用非常重视,其具体做法当然更值得我们借鉴;其次选取了美国的实例,因为发达资本主义国家在发展的过程中走过的“先污染后治理”的弯路对现今的中国极具反面的启示意义;最后介绍南非、以色列等,选择它们是因其农业主导地位决定其对水的依赖和对水资源的保护力度都很大,对我们这个农业大国很有借鉴意义。 第四部分是笔者对构建我国水源地利益补偿法律制度的思考。针对我国具体国情及研究现状,在立法模式的选择上,笔者建议既要充分发挥地方立法的自主性,也要利用政策的灵活性弥补法律的刚性与不足。在具体的制度设计中,首先是确定水源地生态补偿制度的原则、主体、对象、标准和方式。其次是,建立有效的水源地利益补偿资金筹措机制,具体可以考虑这样几种方式,一是征收水资源补偿税,二是完善水资源使用费,三是建立科学合理的财政转移支付制度,四是建立水源地利益补偿基金,五是发行国债。 我国的水源地利益补偿研究和实践尚处于起步阶段,我们的研究也面临着诸多问题和困难,但这并不能阻碍我们在实现人类社会的可持续发展过程中的探索和努力,因为我们不希望“人类看到的最后一滴水将是自己的眼泪”。
[Abstract]:With the development of the economy and the growth of the population, the problem of water resources has become an important problem that affects the progress and development of the society. However, if there is not enough benefit compensation to the water source, it is not only in the principle of social equity but also the enthusiasm of the water source to protect the ecological environment. Therefore, it is necessary to grasp the reasonable and perfect water source benefit compensation system and promote the ecological protection and recycling of water resources in our country. Through the reference of the previous research results and the analysis of the existing legal system in our country, the author puts forward some rough suggestions on the construction of the legal system of the interest compensation of the water source in our country from the specific ecological situation and the social development level and the social development need of our country's water resources. In order to make a contribution to the construction of water resources protection in our country. The article is divided into four parts, and the first part mainly discusses the necessity of constructing the legal system of the interest compensation of the water source area. The interest compensation of the water source is not only the demand of the market economy, but also the sustainable utilization of the water resources. At the same time, the interest compensation system of the water source is established, which is both theoretical and legal. The sustainable development is the goal of establishing and perfecting the interest compensation system of the water source, the 鈥渢ragedy of public land鈥，
本文编号：2319682
[Abstract]:With the development of the economy and the growth of the population, the problem of water resources has become an important problem that affects the progress and development of the society. However, if there is not enough benefit compensation to the water source, it is not only in the principle of social equity but also the enthusiasm of the water source to protect the ecological environment. Therefore, it is necessary to grasp the reasonable and perfect water source benefit compensation system and promote the ecological protection and recycling of water resources in our country. Through the reference of the previous research results and the analysis of the existing legal system in our country, the author puts forward some rough suggestions on the construction of the legal system of the interest compensation of the water source in our country from the specific ecological situation and the social development level and the social development need of our country's water resources. In order to make a contribution to the construction of water resources protection in our country. The article is divided into four parts, and the first part mainly discusses the necessity of constructing the legal system of the interest compensation of the water source area. The interest compensation of the water source is not only the demand of the market economy, but also the sustainable utilization of the water resources. At the same time, the interest compensation system of the water source is established, which is both theoretical and legal. The sustainable development is the goal of establishing and perfecting the interest compensation system of the water source, the 鈥渢ragedy of public land鈥，
本文编号：2319682
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