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国外环境民事纠纷行政裁决制度借鉴研究

发布时间:2019-03-08 13:47
【摘要】:环境民事纠纷主体之间的不平等性,环境民事纠纷的间接性、复合性、持续性等特征使该类纠纷解决机制与解决一般的民事侵权行为不同。日本、英国以及我国台湾地区等国家和地区,在考虑其本国法律传统、立法习惯、基本国情的基础上,探索并采纳了不同的环境民事纠纷解决机制。不仅如此,上述国家在立法与司法实践中还非常重视运用行政裁决的手段来解决环境民事纠纷,也即为本文的环境民事纠纷行政裁决制度。 在论证环境民事纠纷行政裁决制度的必要性和可行性的基础上,借鉴域外成功经验,结合我国国情,完善我国环境民事纠纷行政裁决制度,应该明确界定我国环境民事纠纷行政裁决的范围,将环境民事纠纷赔偿责任和赔偿金额问题交由行政裁决处理较为恰当,还应将因环境生态破坏导致的损害要求赔偿的环境纠纷纳入到环境民事纠纷行政裁决的受理范围中来;确保环境民事纠纷行政裁决审理主体的中立性与独立性;严格环境民事纠纷行政裁决的程序。公正不仅要实现,更要以看得见的方式实现。严格环境民事纠纷行政裁决的程序,能够保证环境民事纠纷得到公正的处理并充分保护纠纷当事人的权益;赋予环境民事纠纷行政裁决强制执行力,建立一个统一的行政强制执行机关来具体执行由各行政机关作出的决定是一种比较理想的选择,不管从专业分工的角度来看,还是站在经济高效的立场,这都是目前最为合理、可行的操作;拓宽并完善不服行政裁决的救济途径,可以在裁决机关作出裁决决定后,提交人民法院在一定期限内对该裁决的合法性进行确认,法院在对该决定作出认可的核准后,该裁决决定书在一定条件下便具有了与一审判决相同的效力。当事人在一定期限内不提出异议,可以由权利人申请人民法院强制执行,如果当事人在法定期限内提出异议,则就应当以纠纷的另一方当事人为被告向上一级人民法院提起民事上诉。
[Abstract]:The inequality between the subjects of environmental civil disputes, the indirect, compound and persistent characteristics of environmental civil disputes make this kind of dispute settlement mechanism different from the common civil tort behavior. Japan, Britain, Taiwan and other countries and regions have explored and adopted different environmental civil dispute settlement mechanisms on the basis of considering their own legal traditions, legislative habits and basic national conditions. Moreover, in the legislative and judicial practice, the above-mentioned countries also attach great importance to the use of administrative decisions to solve environmental civil disputes, that is, the administrative adjudication system of environmental civil disputes in this paper. On the basis of demonstrating the necessity and feasibility of the administrative adjudication system of environmental civil disputes, drawing lessons from the successful experience of foreign countries and combining the national conditions of our country, the administrative adjudication system of environmental civil disputes in our country is improved. The scope of administrative adjudication of environmental civil disputes should be clearly defined, and the issue of liability and amount of compensation in environmental civil disputes should be properly dealt with by administrative adjudication. Environmental disputes that claim compensation for damage caused by environmental and ecological damage should also be included in the scope of acceptance of administrative rulings on environmental civil disputes; To ensure the neutrality and independence of administrative adjudication subjects in environmental civil disputes; to strictly enforce the procedure of administrative adjudication in environmental civil disputes. Justice should not only be realized, but also realized in a visible manner. Strict procedures for administrative adjudication of environmental civil disputes can ensure that environmental civil disputes are handled fairly and fully protect the rights and interests of the parties to the disputes; It is an ideal choice to entrust the enforcement power of administrative decisions in environmental civil disputes and establish a unified administrative enforcement organ to implement the decisions made by various administrative organs, no matter from the perspective of professional division of labor. Or stand in the position of economic efficiency, which is the most reasonable and feasible operation at present; To broaden and perfect the way of relief against the administrative award, and after the adjudication organ has made the decision, it may submit the decision to the people's court for confirmation of the legality of the ruling within a certain period of time, and after the court has approved the decision, The ruling decision has the same effect as the first instance decision under certain conditions. If the party concerned does not raise an objection within a certain period of time, the obligee may apply to the people's court for enforcement, if the party concerned makes an objection within the legal time limit, The other party to the dispute shall be defendant filed a civil appeal to a people's court at a higher level.
【学位授予单位】:山东科技大学
【学位级别】:硕士
【学位授予年份】:2008
【分类号】:D922.6

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