我国西南地区石漠化防治法律问题探讨

发布时间：2019-06-26 09:20

【摘要】：2009年在央视一套黄金时段曾热播一部电视剧,名字叫《绝地逢生》,引起了人们的广泛关注。故事讲述的是贵州偏远农村村民们在“石漠化”严重的“绝地”里进行生态治理,通过各种努力和坚持,把自己的家乡从被联合国划入“不适宜人类居住”地区,重新变成山清水秀的生态村。电视剧的热映使更多的人了解到西南地区土地石漠化这一生态灾害。石漠化危害不仅侵蚀着我国西南岩溶地区宝贵的土地资源,带来了多种生态危害,同时阻碍了经济和社会的可持续发展。中央政府和地方政府高度重视,在治理过程中取得了很大的成果和很多成功的经验。但是,在治理过程中,也同时发现了很多问题,法律保护的不力日益显现出来,立法思想陈旧,可直接依据的法律规定少,针对性不强,法律制度缺失等问题严重影响着石漠化的综合防治和长期治理。本论文意在从法律的角度全面分析石漠化土地的综合防治,包括石漠化防治的现状,现行法律体系存在的问题,以及如何完善等方面。本论文分为四部分：第一部分综合介绍了什么是土地石漠化,石漠化灾害形成的原因,分布,对生态的危害以及防治的意义。第二部分梳理了我国现行法律对防治石漠化的规定以及国际公约和文件、国外立法对防治石漠化的规定。第三部分深入分析了我国防治石漠化法制体系中存在的问题,从防治石漠化法律体系结构不完整和防治石漠化法律内容不完善两个方面进行综合分析,提出结构上缺乏防治石漠化的专门立法,石漠化的单行法律之间缺乏整体性、协调性,缺乏地方性立法三个问题；从内容上提出防治石漠化规定的一些内容缺乏适应性,缺乏防治石漠化的相关法律制度,石漠化监督管理体制失衡三个问题。第四部分作为论文的重点,用了较大篇幅从四个方面阐述了防治石漠化的法律对策和建议。首先提出石漠化防治立法的指导思想和立法目的,完善石漠化防治法律体系的具体步骤。其次提出防治石漠化的三个原则,分别是因地制宜原则、石漠化综合防治原则、公众参与原则。再次,提出建立健全防治石漠化的一系列基本制度,包括综合防治制度、监测预警制、政府责任制、生态补偿制度。最后,提出完善防治石漠化的的管理体制应该建立跨省份联动机制、完善公众参与程序等。
[Abstract]:In 2009, a series of TV series in the CCTV set of golden time, called the <-the-the-the-the-life of the Jedi, attracted a wide range of concerns. The story is about the remote rural villagers in Guizhou to carry out ecological governance in the "Shi Yi" of serious "jedi", and through various efforts and persistence, to transfer their hometown from the United Nations to the "unfit for human habitation" area and to become the ecological village of Qingshuixiu. The show's premiere made more people aware of the ecological disaster in the southwest of the country. The damage of the stone is not only the precious land resources of the karst area in the southwest of China, but also the ecological harm, and the sustainable development of the economy and the society. The central government and local governments have attached great importance to the great achievements and many successful experiences in the process of governance However, in the process of governance, many problems have been found at the same time, the weakness of the legal protection is becoming more and more obvious, the legislative thought is old, the direct basis of the legal provisions is small, the pertinence is not strong, the lack of the legal system and the like seriously affect the comprehensive prevention and long-term treatment of the stone-stone This paper is intended to comprehensively analyze the comprehensive prevention and control of the land from the angle of law, including the current situation of the prevention and cure of the stone and stone, the problems existing in the existing legal system, and how to improve it. In this paper, the thesis is divided into two parts: Part four: The first part comprehensively introduces what is the reason, the distribution, the harm to the ecology and the harm of the ecological environment. The second part sorts out the provisions of China's current laws on the prevention and control of stone and the international conventions and documents, and foreign legislation on prevention and control. The third part analyses the problems existing in the system of the prevention and control of the stone-stone system in China, and makes a comprehensive analysis of the incomplete and incomplete prevention and control of the legal content of the stone and stone, and puts forward the lack of anti-interference in the structure. There is a lack of integrity, coordination and lack of local legislation in the special legislation of the stone and stone, and the lack of adaptability to some of the content stipulated in the content, lack of the relevant legal system of the prevention and control of the stone and stone, and the supervision of the stone and stone. The fourth part, as the focus of the paper, expounds the prevention and control from four aspects. The legal countermeasure and suggestion of stone-stone, first, put forward the guiding ideology and legislative purpose of the prevention and control of the stone-stone, and perfect the stone-stone. The concrete steps to prevent and control the legal system are to put forward the three principles of the prevention and control of the stone and stone, which are the principles of local conditions and the comprehensive of the stone. The principle of prevention and control, the principle of public participation, a series of basic systems for the prevention and control of stone and stone, including the comprehensive prevention and control system, the monitoring and early warning system and the administration The system of government responsibility system and ecological compensation should be put forward. Finally, it is proposed to perfect the management system to prevent and control the stone and stone, and set up a cross-province-linked motivation.
【学位授予单位】：昆明理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D922.68;D927

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