野生动物致人损害新型行政补偿问题研究

发布时间：2019-07-02 15:02

【摘要】： 《野生动物保护法》第十四条规定:“因保护国家和地方重点保护野生动物,造成农作物或者其他损失的,由当地政府给予补偿。补偿办法由省、自治区、直辖市政府制定。”虽然绝大多数省份已经根据《野生动物保护法》的授权制定相应的《野生动物保护法实施条例》,但其中有关野生动物致人损害补偿的实体、程序制度的规定缺乏具体可操作性。目前仅有陕西、云南、北京、安徽、西藏、吉林五省市制定了各自的《陆生野生动物致人损害补偿办法》。由于《野生动物保护法》对野生动物致人损害救济方式的性质未予明确,且对野生动物的范围设置有不合理之处,导致各省市在补偿的构成要件、补偿标准、补偿方式、补偿主体、补偿经费渠道、管理体制、补偿程序等方面的规定有诸多亟待完善之处。本文旨在对这些问题进行研究,并对野生动物致人损害救济相关问题提出自己的建议。首先,本文借鉴了英美法上对野生动物的定义和分类,并对本文所讨论的野生动物的内涵和外延进行了界定。接下来,本文从野生动物致人损害的特征入手,根据这些特点,笔者认为野生动物致人损害不应适用传统且狭义的行政补偿救济方式,而应当适用基于结果责任的新型行政补偿救济。之后笔者对适用这一制度的可行性、合理性进行了充分的论证。最后,在确立了野生动物致人损害应当适用基于结果责任的新型行政补偿后,根据这一新型补偿的特点,结合对目前的立法现状和存在问题的分析,笔者对构建我国野生动物致人损害新型行政补偿立法体系提出了自己的建议。
[Abstract]:Article 14 of the Wildlife Protection Law stipulates: "if crops or other losses are caused by the protection of wildlife under the special protection of wild animals by the state and the local authorities, compensation shall be given by the local government. The measures for compensation shall be formulated by the governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government. " Although most provinces have formulated the corresponding regulations on the implementation of Wildlife Protection Law according to the authorization of the Wildlife Protection Law, the provisions of the procedural system for compensation for human damage caused by wild animals are lack of specific maneuverability. At present, only Shaanxi, Yunnan, Beijing, Anhui, Tibet and Jilin provinces and cities have formulated their own measures for compensation for human damage caused by terrestrial wildlife. Because the nature of the relief mode of wildlife damage caused by wildlife is not clear, and the scope of wildlife is unreasonable, there are many provisions in provinces and cities in the aspects of compensation elements, compensation standard, compensation mode, compensation subject, compensation fund channel, management system, compensation procedure and so on. The purpose of this paper is to study these problems and put forward some suggestions on the relief of human damage caused by wild animals. First of all, this paper draws lessons from the definition and classification of wildlife in Anglo-American law, and defines the connotation and extension of wildlife discussed in this paper. Next, this paper starts with the characteristics of human damage caused by wild animals. According to these characteristics, the author believes that the traditional and narrow administrative compensation relief method should not be applied to the human damage caused by wild animals, but should be applied to the new administrative compensation relief based on result liability. After that, the author fully demonstrates the feasibility and rationality of applying this system. Finally, after establishing that the new administrative compensation based on result liability should be applied to the human damage caused by wild animals, according to the characteristics of this new compensation, combined with the analysis of the current legislative situation and existing problems, the author puts forward his own suggestions on the construction of a new administrative compensation legislative system for human damage caused by wild animals in China.
【学位授予单位】：苏州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D922.68

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