可持续发展的环境法的伦理基础：现代人类中心主义

发布时间：2019-07-04 19:56

【摘要】： 人类社会从产生之初就与身边的环境息息相关,人类不可能从自然环境中孤立出来。但当代人面临着一个自身始终无法回避的问题一一环境问题。究其原因就是,人类在长期的发展过程中,没有处理好自身与环境之间的关系,没有认清环境的地位,没有认清人类自身在整个自然界中的地位,而过多的索取资源、过度的排放废物,最终使得环境不堪重负,反过来影响了人类自身的生存与发展。正是因为环境问题已经严重的影响到了人类社会,人们才开始重视环境、重视环境问题,采取了一系列的方法,试图改善环境。但事与愿违,环境问题并没有因为人类的某些改变而得以缓解,相反地却越来越严重;发展到现代,已经成为全人类所面临的共同问题。出现这一状况在于,人类没有处理好自身的利益与环境以及自然资源的利益之间的衡平问题,没有达到社会效益、经济效益以及环境效益之间的协调发展。随着构建和谐社会理念的提出,这些现实的环境问题迫使我们不得不重新审视我国环境法的伦理基础。正所谓“理论是月亮的光辉,实践是太阳的光辉”,实践的需要是推动理论进步的最强大的动力;当然,反过来,理论的研究又能为实践服务。现在有关环境伦理存在很多的观点,但我们不能盲目的选择一种听起来最符合国际呼声的理念,而应立足于我国的基本国情——我国是一个发展中国家,是一个发展中的大国,人口居世界第一。在这样的一个国情下,发展是硬道理,应该是一个绝对也不可以动摇的政策方向。中国要发展,而且必须要发展。所以,当前关键要解决的问题是,在保持发展这个基本的前提下,如何处理好经济社会发展与自然环境保护之间的关系。综观我国近年来颁布的环境法律法规,其立法目的中都明确规定了“可持续发展”,这一立法目的的改变也体现着环境法的伦理基础的改变。可持续发展观强调的是经济、社会、环境的协调发展,强调的是当代人以及后代人的持续发展。但我们应该弄清楚的是:可持续发展仍然是以人类的利益为根本的出发点。所以,本文采用现代人类中心主义的观点,重视人类的利益,以人类的利益作为衡量标准,来达到人与自然的和谐统一,达到人类社会的持续发展。以人与自然之间的关系为调整对象的环境法,以“经济社会的可持续发展”为立法目的的环境法应该以现代人类中心主义作为伦理基础。文章从环境法的立法目的出发,分析可持续发展进入环境法的立法目的有其必然性,也有其重大的意义——其必然体现着环境法的伦理基础。接着文章着重介绍了主要的环境伦理观,先从反面来论证传统人类中心主义与非人类中心主义不适合作为环境法的伦理基础,接着从正面来论证现代人类中心主义符合可持续发展,最终确立现代人类中心主义的环境伦理观应该作为环境法的伦理基础。
[Abstract]:The human society is closely related to the surrounding environment from the beginning, and the human cannot be isolated from the natural environment. But the present generation is faced with a problem that can't be avoided one by one. The reason is that, in the long-term development process, human beings do not deal with the relationship between themselves and the environment, do not recognize the status of the environment, do not recognize the status of the human itself in the whole nature, and overrequest the resources and overdischarge the waste, Finally, the environment is overburdened, which in turn affects the survival and development of human beings. It is because the environmental problem has seriously affected the human society, people begin to pay attention to the environment, attach importance to the environment, adopt a series of methods, try to change The environment is a good environment. But the environment is not mitigated by some changes in the human being, but the contrary is becoming more and more serious; it has become a common problem for all mankind This is the case in which human beings do not deal with the balance between their own interests and the environment, as well as the benefits of natural resources, and do not achieve the association between social, economic and environmental benefits. With the development of the idea of building a harmonious society, these realistic environmental problems have forced us to re-examine our country's ring The ethical basis of the transit law is the so-called "The theory is the light of the moon, and the practice is the glory of the sun", the need of practice is the most powerful force for the advancement of the theory; of course, in turn, the research of the theory It is also a practical service. There are a lot of views on environmental ethics, but we can't blindly choose a concept that is best in line with the international call, but based on the basic national conditions of our country, our country is a developing country, it is a developing country The big country, the world's first. In such a situation, development is a hard truth, it should be an absolute Nor can the policy direction be shaken. China Therefore, the key to be solved is how to deal with the economic and social development with the basic premise of maintaining the development. In view of the environmental laws and regulations enacted in recent years in China, the legislative purpose of our country has clearly defined the "sustainable development" and the change of this legislative purpose It also embodies the change of the ethical base of environmental law. The sustainable development view emphasizes the coordinated development of economy, society and environment, and emphasizes It is the continuous development of present and future generations, but we should make it clear that sustainable development is still In the light of the human's interest, this paper takes the view of the modern anthropocentrism, attaches importance to the human interests, and takes the benefit of the human as a measure to achieve the harmony between man and nature. In order to achieve the sustainable development of the human society, the environmental law for the purpose of the legislative purpose should be the environmental law of the object to be adjusted by the relationship between man and nature and the sustainable development of the society. On the basis of the modern anthropocentrism as the basis of the ethics, the article, from the legislative purpose of the environmental law, analyzes the legislative purpose of the sustainable development to the environmental law, and it also has its necessity. The great significance _ it must embody the ethical foundation of the environmental law. Then the article emphatically introduces the main environmental ethics, and then demonstrates that the traditional anthropocentrism and the non-anthropocentrism are not suitable as the ethical basis of the environmental law, and then from the positive The face is to demonstrate that the modern anthropocentrism is in accordance with the sustainable development, and finally the main of the modern human cente
【学位授予单位】：中国政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：D912.6

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