夫妻间不动产约定的性质及法律适用研究
发布时间：2018-01-26 16:28
本文关键词： 夫妻财产制约定 夫妻赠与 法律适用 立法完善 出处：《广西师范大学》2017年硕士论文 论文类型：学位论文
【摘要】：不动产在婚姻家庭领域中意义重大,一方面它几乎是所有婚姻赖以存在的必需品,是家庭经济基础的代表,承载着家庭中每个人安全感和归属感。随着中国经济的发展,无论一二线城市还是三线甚至四线城市,房价的持续攀升使得不动产逐渐成为大多数家庭财产中价值比重最高的财产,这必然引起夫妻间约定不动产份额和所有权的现象愈发普遍。由于原有法律制度的不完善和新增司法解释的不周延,导致实务中处理关于夫妻不动产约定纠时,相似的案件因法官法律适用的不同造成不同的裁判结果。研究夫妻不动产约定的性质和法律适用问题,对夫妻不动产所有权归属问题完善建议,有助于司法审判实践走向统一化,增加法律的社会认同度,更有助于厘清婚姻立法的价值取向,平衡个体利益与家庭利益。本文通过分析实践中夫妻不动产约定的案例,通过对夫妻不动产约定性质的探讨,得出区分夫妻财产制约定和夫妻间赠与行为的标准,不仅找出了夫妻不动产约定问题法律适用混乱的原因,而且对夫妻不动产约定的法律适用提出了建议。本文的“夫妻财产制约定”与“夫妻约定财产制”是同一概念,为了与“夫妻不动产约定”相对应而表述为“夫妻财产制约定”。围绕着提出问题、分析问题及解决问题的思路,本文主要由五个部分组成:第一部分,笔者通过对两个案例的对比,发现在夫妻不动产约定的纠纷中存在着同案不同判的现象。笔者认为原因是“夫妻赠与”的提出,导致实务界对夫妻不动产约定性质和法律适用产生争议,同时笔者认为以不动产份额为划分夫妻赠与和夫妻财产制约定的标准也不恰当,解决以上问题首先要确定夫妻不动产约定的性质。第二部分,笔者分析了夫妻不动产约定的特点,对夫妻不动产约定的法律沿革进行介绍,为下文探究夫妻不动产约定的性质作铺垫。第三部分,笔者在对夫妻不动产约定性质的讨论后,得出了以下结论:将夫妻之间对不动产归属进行约定的行为可以成立赠与合同,但是将其定性夫妻财产制约定更有普遍意义。夫妻赠与和夫妻财产制约定的划分应遵从约定双方的本意。第四部分,笔者讨论了为什么实务中往往将夫妻不动产约定定性为赠与合同,约定非经履行不动产物权手续就可以依据《合同法》撤销的原因。原因一是认为夫妻不动产约定是财产行为应由《物权法》和《合同法》调整,二是认为《婚姻法》应该和《物权法》在夫妻不动产约定问题上适用同一物权调整规则。笔者对以上观点分别进行驳斥,得出夫妻不动产约定属于身份财产行为,应受《婚姻法》调整,不必履行物权变动的手续。第五部分,笔者结合外国先进经验,确立了解决夫妻不动产约定的价值取向,提出了区分不同类型的夫妻不动产约定的认定标准,但是由于现实中探求夫妻订立目的难度极大,机械运用认定标准可能导致不合理的结果出现。所以笔者分别从完善夫妻财产制约定相关立法,协调《物权法》和《婚姻法》在不动产约定法律问题的适用,运用法官自由裁量权三个角度对我国解决此类问题提出了完善方法。以期更好的解决此类问题,维护法律的公平正义。
[Abstract]:Real estate in the field of marriage and family in great significance, on the one hand it is almost a necessity for the existence of all marriages, is representative of the family economic foundation, carrying each family security and a sense of belonging. With the development of economy Chinese, whether a second city or three line and four line City, prices continued to rise. The real estate has gradually become the property value of most of the family property in the highest proportion, this will inevitably lead to marital property agreement and share ownership becomes more and more common. Due to the imperfect legal system and the new judicial interpretation of the incomplete, resulting in the practice of processing on the real estate contract disputes couple, similar cases the results caused by different due to the different law application. Research on marital real estate contract nature and legal application, couple real estate ownership of perfect construction You contribute to the judicial practice to unify the law, increase the degree of social recognition, more help to clarify the value orientation of marriage legislation, balance the interests of the individual and the interests of the family. The couple analysis of the practice of real estate contract case, the couple set about real estate properties that distinguish between husband and wife. The agreed property system between husband and wife and donative behavior standards, not only to identify the couple real estate agreed the reason for the chaos of the applicable law, and the couple real proposed property. The law stipulated "marital property restriction" and "marital property system" is the same concept, in order to "husband and wife the real estate contract" should be expressed as "relative marital property agreement." around the problem, analysis of the problems and the way to solve the problems, this paper mainly consists of five parts: the first part, the author through to the 涓や釜妗堜緥鐨勫姣，
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