《婚姻法》中的夫妻共同债务推定规范

发布时间：2018-02-22 11:59

本文关键词： 夫妻共同债务推定规范基础事实举证责任　出处：《法律适用》2017年03期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：对《婚姻法司法解释(二)》第24条普遍存在采取身份推定标准的形式主义理解,即只要发生在夫妻婚姻关系存续期间的债务就推定为夫妻共同债务,这导致当事人之间利益衡量显失公平。结合目的性限缩解释和举证责任分配规则,对夫妻共同债务推定规范可以做请求原因、抗辩、再抗辩的动态化解释,以明晰不同要件事实及相应举证责任分配。主张适用夫妻共同债务推定规范的当事人应对该债务基于"夫妻共同生活所负"这一"基础事实"承担举证责任,非举债方可以反驳相关"基础事实"不存在或者举证证明存在《婚姻法司法解释(二)》第24条后段所规定情形。针对非举债方的抗辩,债权人可以继续证明该债务的形成符合夫妻日常家事代理、表见代理或者非举债方配偶同意,这就构成债权人的再抗辩。
[Abstract]:The formalism understanding of Article 24 of the Marriage Law of Judicial interpretation (2), which adopts the standard of presumption of identity, is that as long as the debt that occurs during the marriage relationship between husband and wife is presumed to be a joint debt of husband and wife, This leads to the apparent inequity in the measurement of interests between the parties. In combination with the purposive constriction interpretation and the rules of distribution of the burden of proof, the presumption of common debt of husband and wife can be interpreted dynamically by the reasons of the request, the defense, and the defense. In order to clarify the facts of different elements and the distribution of the corresponding burden of proof, the parties who advocate the application of the presumption norm of the husband and wife's common debt should bear the burden of proof on the debt based on the "basic fact" of "the husband and wife living together". The non-debtor may refute the absence of the relevant "basic facts" or prove the existence of the situation specified in the second paragraph of Article 24 of the Judicial interpretation of the Marriage Law. Creditors can continue to prove that the formation of the debt is in accordance with the couple's daily family agent, the apparent agent or the consent of the non-debtor spouse, which constitutes the creditor's replea.
【作者单位】：中国青年政治学院法学院;
【基金】：2014年国家社科基金重大项目“民法典编纂重大疑难问题研究”(项目编号:14ZDC017) 2015年第一批国家社科基金后期资助项目“民法证据规范论:案件事实的形成与民法学方法论的完善”(项目编号:15FFX005)的阶段性成果
【分类号】：D923.9

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