马克思对德国历史法学派的法哲学批判

发布时间：2018-02-25 23:20

本文关键词： 马克思法哲学德国历史法学派批判　出处：《西南政法大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：在马克思法哲学思想发展的进程中，他主要进行了两次法哲学批判，所针对的是两个在19世纪占据支配地位的西方法哲学流派：首先是以胡果、萨维尼为代表的德国历史法学派，然后是以黑格尔为代表的德国哲理法学派。德国历史法学派在19世纪占据主流地位的时间最长，而马克思又曾经师承萨维尼学习罗马法，对该学派十分了解，这使得马克思率先对德国历史法学派展开批判。马克思在对德国历史法学派的历次批判中采取了不同的立场：在1837年和1842年他主要是站在古典自然法学派和哲理法学派的立场上进行批判，而在1843年的批判中他呈现出一种带有费尔巴哈人本主义和一定法社会学色彩的“过渡时期立场”。到了1845年对德国历史法学派进行批判时，马克思已经确立了历史唯物主义和实践唯物主义的法哲学立场。马克思对德国历史法学派进行批判的主要内容可以分为两个层面：第一，马克思从私法中的占有、婚姻法和立法这三个角度对胡果和萨维尼的基本观点进行了批判。第二，马克思批判了德国历史法学派的哲学基础，与胡果和萨维尼所主张的怀疑主义、实证主义、历史主义、浪漫主义和保守主义这五种哲学思潮划清了界限。从马克思法哲学发展的脉络来看，他对德国历史法学派的法哲学批判经历了一个从反思到理论批判、再到对现实批判、最终到达“改变世界”的过程。通过1845年对德国历史法学派的批判，马克思唤醒了普通民众的革命意识，体现出马克思实践哲学的精髓，即“全部问题都在于使现存世界革命化，实际地反对并改变现存的事物”。而在马克思的法哲学与西方法哲学的关系问题上，西方一些学者否认马克思法哲学的存在，，国内一些学者也往往将马克思法哲学排除在西方法哲学史之外，因此我们有必要以客观的态度厘清它们之间的关系，并将马克思法哲学还原到西方法哲学史中去。对于为马克思所批判的德国历史法学派，我们既要看到其观点中消极的一面，也要认识到该学派在西方法哲学史上所起的积极作用。
[Abstract]:In the course of the development of Marx's philosophy of law, he mainly criticizes the philosophy of law twice, aiming at two schools of western philosophy of law that occupied a dominant position in 19th century: first of all, with Hu Guo, The German historical law school represented by Savini, and then the German philosophy law school represented by Hegel. In 19th century, the German historical law school occupied the mainstream for the longest time, and Marx learned Roman law from Savini. Knowing this school very well, Marx took the lead in criticizing the German historical school of law. Marx took different positions in his previous critique of German historical school of law: in 1837 and 1842, he mainly criticized on the standpoint of classical natural law school and philosophical school of law. In his criticism in 1843, he presented a "transitional position" with Feuerbach humanism and certain sociological characteristics of law. In 1845, he criticized the German historical school of law. Marx has established the legal philosophy stand of historical materialism and practical materialism. The main contents of Marx's criticism of German historical school of law can be divided into two levels: first, Marx criticizes Hu Guo and Savini's basic views from the three angles of possession in private law, marriage law and legislation. Marx criticized the philosophy foundation of German historical law school, and separated it from the five philosophic trends of thought such as skepticism, positivism, historicism, romanticism and conservatism advocated by Hu Guo and Savini. From the perspective of the development of Marx's philosophy of law, his criticism of the German historical school of jurisprudence has experienced a process from reflection to theoretical criticism and then to realistic criticism. Through the criticism of German historical school of law in 1845, Marx awakened the revolutionary consciousness of ordinary people and embodied the essence of Marx's practical philosophy. The whole problem is to revolutionize the existing world and actually oppose and change the existing things. On the question of the relationship between Marx's philosophy of law and western philosophy of law, some western scholars deny the existence of Marx's philosophy of law, and some domestic scholars often exclude Marx's philosophy of law from the history of western legal philosophy. Therefore, it is necessary to clarify the relationship between them in an objective manner and to restore Marxist philosophy of law to the history of western methodological philosophy. For the German historical school of law, which Marx criticized, we should not only see the negative side of its viewpoint, but also recognize its positive role in the history of western legal philosophy.
【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：B516;A811

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