未成年人财产分类监护制度研究

发布时间：2018-03-22 01:15

本文选题：未成年人　切入点：财产范围　出处：《上海师范大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：未成年人是社会上一类特殊的群体,他们由于年龄和精神智力的限制,被认定为无或限制民事行为能力人,但是其享有财产的能力应不受任何形式的和条件的限制,其享有财产的能力应当成人化。虽然他们生活在一个密切的亲情伦理相联系的组织里---家庭。他们的财产范围,也因“一荣俱荣,一损俱损”的组织被受到了限制。但是其财产范围仍然是以未成年人自有的为主,其次是与父母共有,而且共有的情况也应受到不同情况的限制,并且最终的归属权仍应当属于为原未成年人所有人。我国并没有从法条中规定直接规定,哪些财产属于未成年人所有,那些财产不属于未成年人,只是可以从整个法律体系中,大概推测出有限的几种。但这远远不能满足复杂的社会现实,也不能为解决相关法律纠纷,提供判决上的依据。因此我们必须制定出,以保护未成年人和家庭和谐的法律条文,以实现“有法可依”的完整法律规范。因此本文主要从以下几个部分阐述未成年人的财产范围。本文主要分为以下五个部分,分别从不同的角度论证了未成年人应当享有财产的范围。第一部分,介绍了财产的定义,家事财产的分类以及有关未成年人财产的发展历史。从中西方相对比的角度来看,比较不同的历史背景下,家事财产的演变,它会发展和孕育出不同的关于未成年人财产保护制度。第二部分,从我国的现实情况出发,分析目前财产范文立法上和未成年人财产保护上存在哪些不足,是在什么背景下和历史环境下制定的,虽然符合当时暂时的社会实践,但是随着时代的变化,我们的法律必须符合现实的需要,解决实际问题,就不得不制定新的全面的规定,笔者在梳理目前财产范围及保障的现状,分析存在的问题,以及需要完善的地方。第三部分,主要介绍了当前域外法,尤其是大陆法系的国家对未成年人财产范围的界定,以及提出保护未成年人财产制度,重点提出以我国台湾地区,法国民法典中规定的财产分类。讲未成年人的财产范围界定为特有财产和特有财产以外的财产,以及其他特殊形式的财产类型。财产分类的是为如何保护未成年人合法财产利益而做的前提性规定。域外法中有些规定了如何才能更好的保护未成年人合法权益,有建立家庭法院,国家监督、亲权、保佐等制度来限制监护权,对未成年人的财产全方位的保护。从比较法的角度来看,不同背景下产生的法律。站在我国实际情况,探究那些有价值的规定和法理值得我国大陆借鉴。以便更好的构建和完善我国的未成年财产的保护制度。第四部分,从构建我国的立法角度思考问题,未成年人的财产固然存在问题,若不能提出一个更好的方式解决目前的实践的问题,以取代过去不完善的规定,那么本文将变得毫无意义。因此本文从历史、文化、经济、法律等不同的角度论证了本文的观点。未成年人享有财产能力成人化,在家庭特定的背景下,为维护家庭伦理和家庭的和谐,在特定情形、特定的时间下将财产让渡给自己的父母,若特定的时间结束,未成年人财产及依其财产所转化的财产或者财产所产生的孳息,应当归还原所有权人—-未成年人所有。不仅保护了未成年人,同时也维护了家庭的秩序。在监护权上,必须限制监护人权利,本文提出建立一些相关的制度,首先是在未成年人财产分类的基础上,对不同的财产监护人的权力有所不同,另再设立亲属会议和家庭法院制度,对监护人或者其他亲权人的行为监督,真正实现我国《婚姻法》中的保护未成年人合法利益,保护弱者的合法权益。第五部分,是本文的结语。再次总结本文的观点,作为文章的收尾。
[Abstract]:Minors are a special social group, because of their age and mental limitations, was identified as no or limited capacity for civil conduct, but the ability to enjoy the property shall not be subject to any form of constraints and conditions, the ability to enjoy the property should be adult. Although they lived in a contact a close family ethics organization --- family. Their property, but also because of a prosperity, a loss for "organization is limited. But the property is still owned by the minor, followed by a total with the parents, and the common situation should also be subject to different constraints, and attribution the final power should still belong to the original minor all. Our country has not stipulated directly from the provisions of law, which belongs to the property of minors, the property does not belong to minors, but From the entire legal system, presumably a few. But it can not meet the complex social reality, can not solve the related legal disputes and provide decision basis. So we must develop, to the protection of minors and the harmony of the family law, to achieve "complete legal norms of law" this article mainly from the following part of minor property. This paper is mainly divided into five parts, respectively from the different angle of minors shall enjoy the scope of the property. The first part introduces the definition of property, property and classification of family history on minors from property. Compared with Western perspective, different historical background, the evolution of family property, it will develop and produce different on the protection of minor property system. The two part, starting from the reality of our country, analyzes the present problems of property model legislation and property protection of minors, is formulated in the context of what history and environment, while the then temporary social practice, but with the changes of the times, our laws must conform to the practical needs, solve the actual problem, will have to develop new comprehensive provisions, the current situation in the scope of property and security analysis, analyzes the existing problems and need to be perfected. The third part mainly introduces the current foreign law, especially civil law countries to define the scope of the property of minors, and puts forward the protection of minors'property the system, put forward to China's Taiwan region, classification of property law in civil code. The minor property is defined as property and property outside Property, and other special forms of property types. Property classification is the premise of the provisions made for how to protect minors legitimate property interests. Some foreign law provides protection to better the legitimate rights and interests of minors, the establishment of the family court, national supervision, paternity, curatorship and other system to limit the custody of the minor property of the full range of protection. From the perspective of comparative law, have different background laws. In the actual situation in our country, explore those valuable and worthy of legal provisions in China for reference. In order to construct and perfect our system of protection of minors' property. In the fourth part, problems thinking from the angle of legislation construction in our country, the minor property is problems, if not a better way to solve the practical problems, to replace the past imperfect provisions, Then this will become meaningless. Therefore this article from the historical, cultural, economic, legal and other different perspectives to demonstrate this point of view. Minors enjoy the property of adult family, in the specific context of the maintenance of family ethics and family harmony, in particular, the specific time will be delivered to their property parents, if the specific time is over, the property of minors and the transformation according to the property or property accrued, shall be returned to the original owner - all minors. Not only to protect the minors, but also to maintain the family order. In custody, must limit their rights, is proposed in this paper. The establishment of a number of related systems, the first is based on the property of minors on the classification of different acustodian power is different, and then set up another meeting relatives and family court system of supervision The supervision of the guardianship or other paternity persons really realizes the protection of the legitimate interests of the juveniles in the marriage law, and protects the legitimate rights and interests of the weak. The fifth part is the conclusion of this article.

【学位授予单位】：上海师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D923

【参考文献】