刑法中的暴力相关基础理论梳议

发布时间：2018-03-24 12:56

本文选题：刑法　切入点：暴力　出处：《华东政法大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：暴力作为刑法中一个重要的行为类型，是各国刑法历来关注的重要规制对象。但在我国的立法上却没有对暴力及其相关问题作出明确界定，学界对于刑法中的暴力问题也鲜有深入的研究，多数研究者只是在分析某个犯罪行为的客观方面要件时才会涉及具体暴力行为的初步分析，对于刑法总则和分则中乃至整个刑法体系中暴力问题的相关基础理论，诸如暴力的内涵、表现形式、程度、价值等共性问题缺乏系统的探讨和分析。因此，全面、系统地就刑法中的暴力相关基础理论进行必要的梳理和研究具有重要的理论意义和实践价值。在体系结构上，本文主要分为三个部分：第一部分：不同语境下的暴力解读。该部分分为五节，第一节从“暴”、“力”以及“暴力”的词源意义入手，指出暴力的本源特征是强制性与侵害性；第二节以“精神暴力”、“网络暴力”为例，就纷繁复杂的社会生活中的暴力问题进行了简要的梳理和分析，指出不同生活语境中的暴力的涵义各有不同，很难形成统一的认识和准确的定义；第三节从法制史的角度介绍了中国古代立法中的“暴力性犯罪”；第四节从对婚姻法中“家庭暴力”的分析引出对于暴力的对象和程度问题的关注；第五节介绍了作为犯罪学概念和分类的“暴力”和“暴力犯罪”，并将其与刑法学中的暴力予以区分。第二部分：两大法系刑法中的暴力。该部分是从域外刑法的视角对刑法中的暴力问题进行介绍，分为两节，第一节分别介绍了英国和美国刑法中关于暴力的规定和特征，并指出英美法系刑法中的暴力的形式不仅包括现实的暴力还包括威胁使用暴力，对象不仅可以针对他人而且可以针对财物以及暴力需要具有非法性等特征；第二节以日本、德国两大大陆法系代表国家和我国台湾地区为例，分析了大陆法系刑法中暴力的规定及其特征，如德日刑法注重对暴力的量化，分为不同的等次，并不要求实际损害结果的出现等。第三部分：我国刑法中的暴力。该部分是整篇论文的重点，以七节的篇幅对我国刑法中暴力的相关基础问题进行了比较全面的梳理与分析。第一节从规范的视角，梳理了总则中的暴力规范和分则中的暴力规范，并就两者之间的关系进行了比较分析；第二节比较研究刑法学界关于暴力内涵的各种观点，归纳了我国刑法中暴力的四个基本要素，并在此基础上提出一个大致周全的暴力内涵；第三节为更加准确地理解和认定暴力，就刑法中的暴力与胁迫（威胁）、强制（强迫）、行凶、麻醉等“暗暴力”等概念进行比较，并逐一区分界限；第四节和第五节分别梳理了刑法中暴力的表现形式和学理类型；第六节从程度问题的复杂性、程度的上限、程度的下限、认定程度的参考要素等四个层面研究了刑法中暴力的程度问题；最后一节则从价值论的角度具体阐述了暴力的负价值与正价值即刑法对于暴力的积极评价和消极评价，分析了暴力对于定罪、量刑以及刑罚适用的影响。
[Abstract]:Violence as an important type of behavior in the criminal law, is an important object of the regulation of criminal law has always been concerned about. But it did not make a clear definition of violence and related issues in the legislation of our country, the academia has little in-depth research on the problem of violence in the criminal law, preliminary research the majority only in the objective elements analysis of a crime will involve specific acts of violence, the violence related basic theory problems of criminal law general provisions and special provisions in the whole system of criminal law, such as the connotation, the manifestations of violence, degree, the value of common problems such as lack of discussion and analysis of the system. Therefore, comprehensive and systematic violence on the basis of relevant the theory of criminal law in the necessary carding and research has important theoretical significance and practical value.
In architecture, this paper is divided into three parts:
The first part: the interpretation of violence in different contexts. This part is divided into five sections, the first section from the "violent", "with force" and "the etymological meaning of violence", points out the origin characteristics of violence are mandatory and infringement; the second section according to the spirit of "violence", "network violence" as an example, the review and Analysis on the question of violence in the complicated social life, it is pointed out that different life in the context of the meaning of violence is different, it is difficult to form a unified understanding and accurate definition; the third section introduces the legislation of ancient Chinese in "violent crime" from the perspective of legal history; the fourth section from the the marriage law in the analysis of "domestic violence" leads to violence of the object and the degree of concern; the fifth section introduces the concept and classification of criminology as "violence" and "violent crime", and the theory of criminal violence The force shall be distinguished.
The second part: the two law systems of criminal violence. This part is the introduction from the problem of violence in the criminal law of extraterritorial criminal law perspective, is divided into two sections, the first section introduces provisions on violence in British and American criminal law and characteristics, and points out that the Anglo American law system in the form of violence include not only the reality of violence including the threat of violence, not only for others but also for the property and violence needs to have illegal sexual characteristics; section second in Japan, two German civil law countries and representatives of China's Taiwan region as an example, analyzes the provisions of violence in criminal law of continental law system and its characteristics, such as the German and Japanese criminal law focus on quantification of violence the divided into different grades, does not require the actual damage results appear.
The third part: violence in China's criminal law. This part is the emphasis of the thesis, reviews and comprehensive analysis to seven sections of violence in China's criminal law related fundamental issues. The first section from the normative perspective, combing the general norms of violence in the violence and norms in the specific provisions, and the relationship between the two makes a comparative analysis of the various views; a comparative study of the second section of the criminal law circles about the violence connotation, summed up the four basic elements of violence in the criminal law of our country, and put forward a general comprehensive violence connotation; the third section is more accurately understand and identify violence in criminal law the violence and coercion (threat), forced (forced), attack, compare the anesthesia of "dark violence" concept, and one by one distinction; fourth and fifth segments are combing the manifestation of the violence in criminal law and Science Type; sixth section from the degree of the complexity of the problem, the degree of the upper limit of degree limit, identified four levels of degree degree reference elements of the violence in criminal law; the last section from the viewpoint of value illustrates the negative value of violence is the value for the positive evaluation of the violence and criminal law negative evaluation, analysis of violence for conviction, sentencing and punishment effect.

【学位授予单位】：华东政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D924

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