论未成年人监护制度之完善

发布时间：2018-03-26 17:20

本文选题：未成年人监护　切入点：立法不足　出处：《西南政法大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：从社会学的角度来看,未成年人监护是个人生存的必然要求,是人类种族延续的必然要求,是社会发展的必然要求。未成年人监护制度的目的是保护未成年人的合法权益,使其健康成长,确保民族、社会的可持续发展。但是,随着时代的发展,我国现行未成年人监护制度已不合时宜,存在着粗糙、陈旧、疏漏等,导致在社会生活与司法实践出现了对未成年人保护不足,监护人侵犯被监护人现象增多,未成年人无人监护、监护质量不高、未成年人违法犯罪问题日益突出等问题,严重影响其制度功能和目的的实现。笔者希望通过本文对未成年人监护制度的研究,能够为我国立法机关及司法机关提供一定的参考,以促进未成年人监护制度的完善,促进我国社会和谐与可持续发展。本文立足于我国未成年人监护的实际,从完善我国未成年人监护制度的目的出发,在考察研究两大法系有代表性的国家未成年人监护制度相关内容基础上,对我国未成年人监护制度提出完善建议。本文共由四个部分组成,共计三万多字。第一部分为未成年人监护制度概述。本部分通过对未成年人监护制度产生和演进的介绍来说明监护制度的立法理念的演变以及大陆法系亲权与狭义监护制度的起源。再通过对监护性质、功能的介绍为下文的域外法的考察评析以及具体制度分析奠定理论基础。第二部分为未成年人监护制度域外立法之考察与评析。该部分分别介绍了大陆法系的德国、法国,英美法系的美国、澳大利亚四国法律关于未成年人监护制度一些规定。着重从监护监督、监护权力机构、监护制度的公法化三个方面介绍上述国家的有关规定,并从立法理念、监护制度体系构建、监护制度的公法化三个方面进行评析,探求我国立法可以借鉴之处。第三部分为我国未成年人监护制度的现状及不足。该部分对我国法律《民法通则》《婚姻法》等法律法规中有关未成年人监护规定进行梳理,立足于我国监护制度的现状,反思我国未成年人监护制度立法上的不足。第四部分为完善我国未成年人监护制度的建议。本部分在借鉴四国监护立法的基础上,立足我国国情,针对第三部分中提到的我国未成年人监护制度立法上存在的不足提出了六个方面的完善建议。
[Abstract]:From a sociological point of view, the guardianship of minors is an inevitable requirement for the survival of individuals, an inevitable requirement for the continuation of human race and an inevitable requirement for social development. The purpose of the guardianship system for minors is to protect the legitimate rights and interests of minors. Make it grow healthily and ensure the sustainable development of the nation and society. However, with the development of the times, the current guardianship system for minors in our country is out of date, and there are rough, obsolete, ominous, etc. As a result, in social life and judicial practice, there are some problems, such as insufficient protection of minors, the increasing phenomenon of guardian encroachment on the guardian, the unattended custody of minors, the low quality of guardianship, the increasingly prominent problem of juvenile delinquency, etc. The author hopes that through the study of the guardianship system of minors in this paper, it can provide some references for the legislative and judicial organs of our country, in order to promote the perfection of the guardianship system of minors. Promote social harmony and sustainable development in China. Based on the reality of the guardianship of minors in our country, this paper starts from the purpose of perfecting the guardianship system of minors in our country, on the basis of investigating and studying the relevant contents of the representative national guardianship system of minors in the two major legal systems. To our country minor guardianship system puts forward the consummation proposal. This article is composed of four parts, a total of more than 30,000 words. The first part is an overview of the guardianship system for minors. This part introduces the emergence and evolution of the guardianship system of minors to explain the evolution of the legislative concept of guardianship system and the parental right and narrow guardianship system in the civil law system. Through the nature of guardianship, The introduction of the function lays a theoretical foundation for the investigation and evaluation of the following extraterritorial laws as well as the analysis of the specific system. The second part is the investigation and analysis of the extraterritorial legislation of the guardianship system of minors. This part introduces the civil law system of Germany, France, common law system of the United States, Some provisions of Australian laws on the guardianship system of minors are introduced from three aspects of guardianship supervision, guardianship authority and the public law of guardianship system. The construction of guardianship system and the analysis of public law of guardianship system are discussed in this paper. The third part is the status quo and deficiency of the guardianship system of minors in our country. This part combs the laws and regulations concerning the guardianship of minors in China, such as "General principles of Civil Law" and "Marriage Law", which is based on the present situation of the guardianship system of our country. Reflection on the shortcomings of the legislation of juvenile guardianship system in China. The fourth part is the suggestion of perfecting the guardianship system of minors in our country. This part is based on the national conditions of our country on the basis of drawing lessons from the four countries' guardianship legislation. In the third part, the author puts forward six suggestions to improve the legislation of juvenile guardianship system in China.
【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D923

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