异性同居之立法思考

发布时间：2018-04-15 04:38

本文选题：异性同居 + 事实婚姻　；参考：《山东大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：异性同居关系是指具有严格完全民事行为能力的两个单身男女,在未登记结婚的情况下,自愿进行较为稳定地共同生活。在现实生活中,异性同居的人群范围是非常广泛的,存在着年轻人的“试婚”同居、中年人离婚后同居以及老年人“搭伴养老”同居和事实婚姻型的同居等。异性同居具有以下几个特征,首先是主体须为具有严格完全民事行为能力的两个单身男女；其次是当事人主观上须为不结婚而自愿进行同居；再次是共同生活具有持续稳定性；最后是不以公开性为要件,且不以夫妻名义为要求。异性同居具有道德上的中立地位和得以通过法律予以调整的正当性基础,即共同生活的本质。异性同居与事实婚姻和非法同居等近似概念在主体条件、主观意愿、客观表现和法律后果等方面都有所区别。目前,我国选择异性同居生活的人口规模日趋见长,且在年龄分布上较为普遍,形成这种状况的原因包括思想观念的转变、经济发展的推动以及科技水平的提高等。而我国在异性同居关系的立法上却存有缺陷,不仅在宏观上缺乏对于异性同居关系进行调整的系统性规范,而且现有的具体法律规则也简单粗陋。相较而言,域外一些国家早在20世纪末就已经形成了较为完备的异性同居法律制度,将异性同居发展成为类似婚姻的新型家庭形式已经逐渐成为世界范围内的发展趋势。国外的异性同居法律制度从立法模式到制度内容,既有值得我们借鉴的经验,也有引以为戒的教训。其中,立法模式主要包括等同于婚姻的登记模式、等同于婚姻的事实模式、区别于婚姻的登记模式以及区别于婚姻的事实模式。通过对于各种立法模式和相关法律内容及立法缘由的利弊分析得知,区别于婚姻的事实模式及其在异性同居关系成立、效力与终止等方面的制度内容对我国具有较强的借鉴意义。在比较分析的基础上,结合我国的具体国情、制度背景以及立法价值,论文为我国异性同居立法的建构提出一些浅薄的思考和建议。主要包括异性同居立法应遵循的原则、宜采用的模式以及具体制度的设计三个部分。首先,我国异性同居立法应遵循的原则包括尊重当事人意思自治原则、区别对待原则与保护子女最大利益原则；其次,在我国异性同居立法模式的选择上,区别于婚姻的事实模式为主、辅以备案模式是适合我国法律文化传统与同居发展状况的最佳选择；最后,论文在确定了立法原则与立法模式的基础上,为我国异性同居法律关系的具体内容,即成立要求、法律效力以及终止事由等具体规则内容分别提出了相应的建议。论文通过对我国的现实状况、法律背景以及国外的异性同居立法制度进行考察与探讨,将在我国具有相当规模的异性同居关系提升到法律的高度来予以调整,使其成为我国的一种类似婚姻但效力弱于婚姻的新型家庭生活模式,从而在维持婚姻主导地位的同时,也尊重了异性同居客观事实以及人们对于多元化生活方式的追求,推动我国婚姻家庭立法体系的完善,并对我国民法体系的最终形成有所裨益。
[Abstract]:Cohabitation relationship refers to the two single men and women with a strictly full civil capacity, in the case of marriage registration, voluntary stable living together. In real life, cohabitation people is very wide, there are young people "try marriage cohabitation, middle-aged divorce cohabitation and the elderly" travel together endowment "cohabitation and marriage cohabitation. The facts of cohabitation has the following characteristics, the first is the two single men and women shall be subject to strict with full capacity for civil conduct; secondly is the subjective shall be voluntary marriage and cohabitation; again is living together with continuous stability; finally not to open for elements, and not in the name of husband asrequired. Cohabitation is morally neutral position and can be adjusted through the legal basis of legitimacy, i.e. The essence of life is the opposite concepts of heterosexual cohabitation, factual marriage and illegal cohabitation, which are different in terms of subjective conditions, subjective wishes, objective performance and legal consequences.
At present, our choice of cohabitation life population scale is known, and is more common in the age distribution, change the reasons including idea, promoting economic development and the improvement of science and technology. In our country specific cohabitation legislation is flawed, the lack of adjustment for heterosexual cohabitation the relationship between the system of norms not only at the macro level, and specifically to the existing legal rules also simple. In contrast, some foreign countries as early as the end of the twentieth Century has formed a relatively complete legal system of cohabitation, cohabitation will become a new family form similar marriage has gradually become the development trend in the world. Foreign cohabitation legal system from the legislative mode to the content of the system, not only to learn from our experience, there are warning lessons. Among them, the legislative model Type includes the equivalent to marriage registration mode, equivalent to the fact that the marriage mode, different from marriage registration mode as well as distinguished from the fact marriage mode. Through the analysis of advantages and disadvantages of various legislative mode and relevant legal contents and legislative reasons that is different from the fact marriage mode and established in the cohabitation relationship, content system effectiveness and termination and has a strong reference to our country.
On the basis of comparative analysis, combined with China's specific national conditions, institutional background and legislative value, paper put forward some superficial thoughts and suggestions on construction of our cohabitation legislation. Including cohabitation legislation should follow the principles, the three part design should adopt the model and the concrete system. First of all, China cohabitation legislation should follow the principles including respect for the principle of party autonomy, the principle of distinction and protection of the principle of the best interests of children; secondly, in the legislative mode of cohabitation choice in China, mainly about the real mode different from marriage, with the record mode is the best choice for China's traditional legal culture and the development situation of cohabitation; finally, the paper on the basis of legislative principles and legislative mode, for the specific content of the legal relationship of specific cohabitation in our country, namely the establishment of requirements, legal effect and end The relevant suggestions are put forward in the specific rules and so on.
The reality of our country, to investigate and explore the legal background and foreign cohabitation legislation system, will have a considerable scale of cohabitation relationship to be adjusted to the height of the law in our country, make it become our country a similar but weaker than the effect of marriage marriage of new family life mode at the same time to maintain the dominant position in marriage and cohabitation, respect the objective facts and people's pursuit for diversification of life style, promote the improvement of marriage and family legislation system in China, the ultimate form of our civil law system and benefit.

【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D923.9

【参考文献】