浅析离婚财产分割法律制度

发布时间：2018-06-01 12:09

本文选题：夫妻共同财产 + 个人财产　；参考：《复旦大学》2008年硕士论文

【摘要】： 改革开放以来,随着社会主义市场经济的迅速发展,人们生活水平的不断提高,夫妻财产的表现形式、财产构成、价值大小等方面,与传统意义上的夫妻财产相比较,已经出现了明显的变化。在现实生活中,夫妻财产呈现多元化趋势已是普遍的现象。许多家庭不仅有了可观的有形财产,还拥有了许多无形资产,如股权,著作权,专利以及一些预期的经济利益。这些不断出现的财产类型一方面丰富了我国夫妻财产的内容,但另一方面由于这些财产本身的复杂性与多样性,使得在认定夫妻财产的性质上增加了一个“模糊区”,增加了在实体上认识这类财产性质的难度;同时,由于这类财产涉及到我国公司法、知识产权法等内容,分割这些财产时常常涉及到第三人的利益,常常引发部门法之间的冲突,从而增加了在适用各种法律上分割夫妻财产的难度。夫妻财产的复杂性所导致的对传统夫妻财产分割理论的巨大冲击,使得关于夫妻财产分割的法律法规不得不做出相应的调整和增补。虽然我国在2001年对1980年《婚姻法》进行了修正,并于同年12月出台了最高人民法院《关于适用中华人民共和国婚姻法若干问题的解释(一)》,但这些法律和司法解释已明显地不适应夫妻财产多元化和复杂化的现实,存在着极明显的滞后。为此,我国在2004年4月1日又实行了最高人民法院《关于适用中华人民共和国婚姻法若干问题的解释(二)》。2004年《司法解释(二)》的施行,完善了夫妻财产分割方面的规定,它不仅对婚姻法中夫妻个人财产和共同财产的种类作了更为明确具体的规定,还对以往夫妻财产分割的疑难情形(如房屋、企业产权、养老金、知识产权收益等的分割)作了规定,对当前审判实践有着巨大的指导作用,更具有可操作性。但是,法律作为社会生活的反映,它相对于社会生活中出现的纷繁复杂的情形,仍然会出现滞后或“真空地带”。因此,本文拟研究离婚时夫妻财产分割的新问题,并重点探索知识产权收益的认定和分割,旨在抛砖引玉,以期法律的进一步完善。本论文除引言,结语外,包括五个部分,共约四万字。文章首先介绍了我国现行婚姻法及相关司法解释的规定,与以往立法相比的进步性,然后评价大陆法系的俄罗斯、法国及英美法系的美国的相关立法概况,并在借鉴国外相关立法的基础上,结合我国实际,提出完善我国夫妻财产分割的立法建议。引言本部分主要介绍本文的写作目的和写作意义。当前夫妻财产纠纷层出不穷,面对新形势下的夫妻财产纠纷,婚姻法和相关司法解释出现了“盲点”,法院审理案件时出现了误区。因此,本文就从分析现行规定入手,针对实践中出现的新问题,探讨夫妻财产分割立法的完善。第一章评述现行《婚姻法》关于离婚时夫妻财产分割的立法规定,及其较之以往的进步性。结合相关司法解释的实务性规定,指出夫妻共同财产的范围、共同财产分割的原则及分割方法。第二章国外部分国家关于离婚夫妻财产分割的立法。该部分从夫妻共同财产的范围、财产分割的原则、财产分割的效力方面对大陆法系的俄罗斯、法国和英美法系的美国的夫妻财产分割立法作了简要的介绍,并对他们的夫妻财产分割立法进行评价。第三章夫妻财产分割的立法缺陷。通过对国外立法的比较研究,反思我国立法的缺陷,主要是夫妻共同财产范围规定的缺陷、分割原则的缺陷和分割方法的不足,并且从案例入手指出现行立法针对知识产权收益的规定有失公允。第四章完善我国夫妻财产分割立法的建议。首先阐述修改和完善我国夫妻财产分割立法的重要意义,然后针对我国实践中的新情形,在借鉴国外立法经验的基础上,结合我国实际,提出完善我国夫妻财产分割立法的建议。最后,借鉴美国立法提出依成本—收益规则决定知识产权收益的归属,最后建议增设分割知识产权收益应参考的因素
[Abstract]:Since the reform and opening to the outside world, with the rapid development of the socialist market economy, the continuous improvement of people's living standards, the form of husband and wife property, the property structure, the value size and so on, compared with the traditional husband and wife property, there have been obvious changes. In real life, the diversified trend of husband and wife's property has been universal. Many families not only have considerable tangible property, but also have many intangible assets, such as equity, copyright, patent and some expected economic benefits. These types of property, on the one hand, enrich the content of the property of our husband and wife, on the other hand, because of the complexity and diversity of the property itself, In determining the nature of husband and wife's property, a "fuzzy zone" has been added to the difficulty of recognizing the nature of such property in the entity; at the same time, as the property involves the company law of our country, the intellectual property law and so on, the benefits of third people are often involved in the division of the property, which often leads to the conflict between department laws, thus increasing It is difficult to divide the husband and wife property in all kinds of law. The complexity of the husband and wife's property has caused a great impact on the theory of the traditional husband and wife property division, which makes the laws and regulations on the division of husband and wife property have to be adjusted and supplemented. Although China has amended the marriage law in 1980 in 2001, and in the same year 12 In this month, the Supreme People's court, "the interpretation of several questions on the application of the marriage law of the People's Republic of China (1),", but these legal and judicial interpretations have obviously not adapted to the reality of the multiplex and complexity of husband and wife's property, and there is a very obvious lag. In April 1, 2004, our country implemented the Supreme People's Court on the application of "the application of the Supreme People's court" in April 1, 2004. The interpretation of several problems in People's Republic of China's Marriage Law (two) the implementation of "judicial interpretation (two)" in >.2004 has perfected the provisions on the division of marital property. It not only made specific provisions on the types of marital property and common property in marriage law, but also the difficult situation of the division of property between husband and wife (such as houses and enterprises). The division of property rights, pension, intellectual property income, etc., has been prescribed, which has a great guiding role in the practice of the current trial and more operable. However, as a reflection of social life, the law still appears to be lagging behind or "vacuum zone" in relation to the complicated and complicated situation in social life. Therefore, this paper is to be studied. The new problem of marital property separation is discussed, and the identification and segmentation of intellectual property gains are mainly explored.
Besides the introduction and conclusion, this paper includes five parts, including about forty thousand words. The article first introduces the provisions of the current marriage law and the relevant judicial interpretations of our country, compared with the previous legislation, and then evaluates the relevant legislation in the United States of Russia, France and the Anglo American law system in the continental law system, and draws on the basis of the related legislation of foreign countries. On the basis of the reality of China, we put forward legislative proposals to improve the division of marital property in China.
The introduction of this part mainly introduces the purpose of writing and the meaning of writing. The current marital property disputes emerge in an endless stream. Facing the marital property disputes in the new situation, the marriage law and the relevant judicial interpretations appear "blind spot", the court has misunderstandings when the case is heard. Therefore, this article starts with the analysis of the current regulations and aims at the practice. The new problem is to discuss the perfection of the legislation for the division of husband and wife property.
The first chapter reviews the legislative provisions of the marriage law on the division of marital property at the time of divorce and its previous progressiveness, and points out the scope of the common property of the husband and wife, the principle of the division of common property and the method of segmentation in combination with the practical provisions of the relevant judicial interpretations.
The second chapter of the legislation on the division of divorced husband and wife property in some foreign countries. This part gives a brief introduction to the legislation of the division of husband and wife property in the Russian, French and Anglo American legal systems of the continental law system and the division of their husband and wife property from the scope of the conjugal property, the principle of property division and the effectiveness of the division of property. The method is evaluated.
The third chapter is the legislative defect of husband and wife property division. Through the comparative study of foreign legislation, the defects of the legislation in China are reflected, mainly the defects of the scope of the common property of husband and wife, the defects of the principle of division and the insufficiency of the method of segmentation, and the regulations on the income of intellectual property from the case to the finger are unfair.
The fourth chapter consummates the proposal of our country husband and wife property division legislation. First, it expounds the importance of modifying and perfecting the legislation of marital property division in our country. Then, in view of the new situation in our country, on the basis of drawing lessons from foreign legislative experience and combining our country's practice, this paper puts forward some suggestions to improve the legislation of the division of marital property in our country. Finally, draw on the United States The legislation proposes to determine the ownership of intellectual property gains based on the cost income rule, and finally suggests the factors that should be taken into account in the division of intellectual property benefits.
【学位授予单位】：复旦大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2008
【分类号】：D923.9

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