对我国夫妻财产制立法的理性思考

发布时间：2018-06-20 09:01

本文选题：夫妻财产制 + 法定夫妻财产制　；参考：《山东大学》2007年硕士论文

【摘要】： 夫妻财产制是调整夫妻财产关系的重要法律制度,各国对有关夫妻财产制的立法都极为重视,尤其是大陆法系国家,立法体系结构严谨,内容规定详尽,已经成为一种比较成熟的法律制度,非常值得我国立法予以借鉴和参考。建国后,我国对婚姻法曾进行过三次大的立法活动,这就是1950年的《婚姻法》、1980年的《婚姻法》和2001年修订的《婚姻法》。通过三次立法活动,我国夫妻财产制的立法体系已初步形成,结构和内容日趋完善。但随着我国市场经济的不断深入发展和社会政治、经济、文化等诸多方面的深度变革,现行《婚姻法》在调整夫妻财产关系方面显示出了明显的滞后与不足,难以适应司法实践的要求。与国外相对成熟的夫妻财产制立法相比较,我国夫妻财产制立法还存在不容忽视的缺陷。主要表现为:其一,立法的体系、结构不够合理。其二,法定夫妻财产制类型缺失,未设立非常法定夫妻财产制;有关法定夫妻财产制立法的内容与其它法律规定存在法律冲突;法定夫妻财产制具体内容的规定粗疏,缺乏可操作性。其三,约定夫妻财产制的立法内容不完整。对夫妻财产约定的时间、有效成立的要件、约定的公示方式、约定的变更与撤消等,缺乏明确的规定。我国目前正在进行《民法典》的编纂工作,夫妻财产制是《民法典·亲属编》的重要组成部分,对夫妻财产制的完善也是制定中国民法典的要求。为此,我国应以《民法典》的制定为契机,立足本国国情,借鉴大陆法系和英美法系国家先进的立法经验,进一步完善我国的夫妻财产制立法。首先,应从立法技术上进行更新,实现从粗放式原则向细密性规范的转变,尽可能避免法律冲突的产生。其次,完善立法体系。在《民法典·亲属编》中实现夫妻财产制立法的系统化;增设体现夫妻财产制立法宗旨和财产关系基本准则的通则性规定。再次,完善法定财产制的种类和具体内容。主要包括:增设非常法定夫妻财产制;明确夫妻财产的归属,防止法律冲突的产生;明确夫妻对财产的各项权利;增补夫妻个人财产与夫妻共同财产之间的补偿请求权;建立无形财产的转化补偿制度;增补夫妻财产制终止及其效力的规定。最后,在约定夫妻财产制的构建中,明确规定夫妻财产约定的时间、有效成立的要件、约定的内容、约定的公示方式、约定的变更与撤消等,建立完善的约定夫妻财产制度。
[Abstract]:The matrimonial property system is an important legal system to adjust the marital property relations. All countries attach great importance to the legislation on the matrimonial property system, especially in the countries of the civil law system, where the legislative system is rigorous in structure and detailed in content. Has become a more mature legal system, very worthy of our legislation and reference. Since the founding of the people's Republic of China, China has had three major legislative activities on the Marriage Law, namely, the Marriage Law of 1950, the Marriage Law of 1980 and the Marriage Law revised in 2001. Through three legislative activities, the legislative system of husband and wife property system in China has been formed, and the structure and content have been improved day by day. However, with the deepening development of our market economy and the profound changes in social politics, economy, culture and so on, the current Marriage Law has shown obvious lag and deficiency in adjusting the property relationship between husband and wife. It is difficult to meet the requirements of judicial practice. Compared with the relative mature legislation of husband and wife property system in foreign countries, there are still some defects which can not be ignored in the legislation of husband and wife property system in our country. The main performance is: first, the legislative system, the structure is not reasonable. Secondly, the type of legal matrimonial property system is missing, and no extraordinary legal matrimonial property system has been established; the content of the legislation on the legal matrimonial property system is in conflict with other legal provisions; the specific contents of the legal matrimonial property system are careless. Lack of maneuverability. Third, the legislative content of the contract husband and wife property system is incomplete. There is no clear stipulation about the time of husband and wife's property agreement, the requirements of effective establishment, the public way of agreement, the change and revocation of agreement, etc. At present, the compilation of the Civil Code is being carried out in our country. The marital property system is an important part of the Civil Code, and the perfection of the marital property system is also the requirement of the formulation of the Chinese Civil Code. Therefore, China should take the formulation of the Civil Code as a turning point, base itself on the national conditions, draw lessons from the advanced legislative experience of the countries of the continental law system and the common law system, and further perfect the legislation of the matrimonial property system in our country. First of all, we should update the legislation technology, realize the transformation from extensive principle to meticulous norm, and avoid the conflict of laws as much as possible. Second, perfect the legislative system. It is necessary to systematize the legislation of matrimonial property system in the Family compilation of the Civil Code, and to add general rules to embody the legislative purpose of matrimonial property system and the basic norms of property relations. Thirdly, improve the types and contents of legal property system. It mainly includes: establishing the system of extraordinary legal marital property; defining the ownership of marital property to prevent the emergence of conflict of laws; clarifying the rights of husband and wife to the property; adding the right of compensation between husband and wife's personal property and the joint property of husband and wife; To establish the system of compensation for the transformation of intangible property, and to supplement the provisions on the termination and effectiveness of the marital property system. Finally, in the construction of the agreed marital property system, it clearly stipulates the time of the husband and wife property agreement, the effective establishment of the elements, the content of the agreement, the agreed way of publicity, the change and revocation of the agreement, and so on, and establishes the perfect system of the husband and wife property.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：D923

【引证文献】