论我国行政离婚制度的完善

发布时间：2018-06-20 11:25

本文选题：协议离婚 + 行政离婚　；参考：《中国政法大学》2008年硕士论文

【摘要】： 早在新中国成立之初,我国婚姻立法上,在离婚程序上就确立了行政离婚与诉讼离婚双轨制。50余年来,行政离婚制度作为我国离婚制度重要组成部分,在规范调整离婚行为这一民事行为方面发挥了重要的作用。行政离婚是指取得结婚证的夫妻经协商一致达成离婚协议,并经婚姻登记机关登记后解除婚姻关系的法律行为。根据《中国统计年鉴》和《民政统计历史资料》记载,2007年我国民政部门登记离婚总量已经达到140.4万对(不含法院部门办理的调解和判决离婚),与1980年18万对相比,27年后的增加了122.4万对,平均每年递增6%以上。从中可以看出,人们对离婚的看法逐步发生着变化,在离婚方式的选择上,相当一部分离婚当事人自愿到婚姻登记机关办理登记解除婚姻关系手续,行政离婚这种较文明、理智、自由和方便的解除婚姻关系方式成为许多当事人的首选。但是,从2003年开始实行的新《婚姻登记条例》,简化了离婚登记程序之后,登记离婚数量大幅提升,草率离婚有所增加。2003年全国民政部门登记离婚69.2万对,2007年达到140.4万对,增加了一倍多。由此引起了诸多社会问题如离婚自由过于充分、未成年子女利益保护受到影响等现实问题。因此,构建完善的行政离婚制度不仅可以能够充分体现我国婚姻自由的原则,化解社会矛盾,还能对我国婚姻家庭关系的和谐稳定,社会经济的发展起到十分重要的作用。但是,在理论上对行政离婚制度褒贬不一,对它的研究还缺乏系统性。本文在前人的研究成果的基础上,先从我国行政离婚制度的概述入手,简要介绍了协议离婚和行政离婚的区别联系,以及行政离婚制度的条件、程序及法律效力,回顾了我国行政离婚制度的历史发展过程,阐述了我国新的《婚姻登记条例》中有关行政离婚制度的三大变化即行政离婚制度价值变化,婚姻证明方式变化和行政离婚申请审查期的取消。然后,就我国目前行政离婚制度的几个方面不足作些探讨,这些问题主要表现在我国行政离婚制度自由充分、限制不足,助长婚姻无责主义,草率离婚率提高,对未成年人保护不利,离婚的程序使得恶意离婚者和假离婚者有机可乘,法律调整功能弱化、离婚协议缺乏强制执行力、离婚后监督措施不便操作等方面。随后,在对各国协议离婚制度和港澳台地区协议离婚制度特点简要阐述分析的基础上,就我国行政离婚制度存在的问题对今后行政离婚制度的完善提出了相关建议:如设置行政离婚申请的法定考虑期制度;离婚提起后的法定审查期制度;登记机关应担负起一定的实质审查的职责;离婚协议中关于子女扶养费分期给付的,有财产给付,但在婚姻登记机关发放离婚证前不能交付的,有债务分担的,离婚协议中有夫妻经济帮助,需要分期给付的和家庭不动产财产分割等五个方面内容进行公证的制度;有10周岁以下未成年人的家庭不允许行政离婚;细化离婚后的监督措施,建立登记离婚的无效制度等。
[Abstract]:At the beginning of the founding of new China, in the marriage legislation of our country, the two track system of.50 was established in the procedure of divorce and litigation. The administrative divorce system was an important part of the divorce system in our country. It played an important role in regulating the civil behavior of the regulation of divorce.
Administrative divorce means that couples who have obtained marriage certificates agree to get a divorce agreement by consensus and cancel the legal behavior of marriage after registration by the marriage registration authority. According to the Chinese Statistical Yearbook and the historical data of Civil Affairs statistics, the total amount of divorce registered by the civil administration department in China in 2007 has reached 1 million 404 thousand pairs (excluding the court department. As compared with the 180 thousand pairs in 1980, compared with the 1980, the increase of 1 million 224 thousand pairs in 27 years is more than 6%. It can be seen that people's views on divorce have changed gradually. In the choice of the way of divorce, a considerable portion of the divorced parties voluntarily go to the marriage registration authority to register the formalities of dissolution of marriage relations. Divorce, a more civilized, rational, free and convenient way to terminate marriage, has become the first choice of many parties.
However, since the new "Marriage Registration Ordinance" introduced in 2003, the number of divorce registration procedures has been simplified, the number of registered divorces has increased significantly, and the increase in the rate of divorce has increased by the National Civil Affairs Department of the national civil affairs department in.2003, which has increased by more than 1 million 404 thousand in 2007, which has caused many social problems, such as the excessive freedom of divorce, Therefore, the construction of a perfect administrative divorce system can not only fully reflect the principle of the freedom of marriage in our country and resolve social contradictions, but also play a very important role in the harmonious and stable relationship between marriage and family in our country and the development of social economy. The divorce system is mixed and its research is not systematic.
On the basis of the previous research results, this paper begins with an overview of the system of administrative divorce in China, briefly introduces the differences between the agreement divorce and the administrative divorce, as well as the conditions, procedures and legal effects of the system of administrative divorce, reviews the historical development process of the system of administrative divorce in our country, and expounds the new "Marriage Registration Ordinance" in China. The three changes in the system of administrative divorce are the changes in the value of the system of administrative divorce, the change of the way of marriage proof and the cancellation of the examination period for the application of administrative divorce. Then, some shortcomings of the current administrative divorce system in China are discussed. These problems are mainly manifested in the freedom and adequacy of the administrative divorce system in our country and the lack of limitations. The marriage unimputation, the rate of hasty divorce, the protection of the minors, the procedure of divorce, the malicious divorces and the false divorces, the weakening of the legal adjustment function, the lack of compulsory enforcement of the divorce agreement and the inconvenient operation of the supervision after the divorce.
Then, on the basis of the brief analysis of the divorce system in various countries and the characteristics of the divorce system in Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan, some suggestions on the improvement of the system of administrative divorce in the future are put forward on the problems existing in the system of administrative divorce in our country, such as the legal consideration period system for the application of administrative divorce and the legal review period after the divorce. Degree; the registration authority should take on the responsibilities of a certain substantive review; in the divorce agreement, the installment of the support fee for the children is paid, but it can not be delivered by the marriage registration authority before the divorce certificate is issued, and the debt is shared. The divorce agreement has the economic help of the husband and wife in the divorce agreement, and the division of the family real estate and property needs five. The system of notarization in the contents of the one aspect; the family of minors under 10 years of age is not allowed to divorce, the supervision after the divorce is refined, and the invalid system of registration and divorce is established.
【学位授予单位】：中国政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2008
【分类号】：D922.182.1;D923.9

【引证文献】