分层保护视野中劳动者身份的认定

发布时间：2018-02-12 06:26

本文关键词： 劳动者身份劳动者分层认定从属性标准劳动法　出处：《吉林大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：近年来,随着市场经济的快速发展,我国的劳动者群体发生了很大的变化,劳动者类型呈现多元化状态,劳动者阶层出现了分化,随着劳动关系主体权利意识的增强和利益诉求的多元,劳资关系矛盾日益凸显,劳动争议案件不断增加。其中,较为突出的问题则是无法准确认定“劳动者”的身份,究其缘由,在于我国对此问题缺乏专门的立法,在现行立法中对其相关规定亦不明确,其确立的认定劳动者身份的标准已不能满足现如今的社会需求,遂导致各方理解上的分歧。准确的认定劳动者身份,尤其是在现有劳动者分层已非常清晰的状况下,对于劳动法的有效实施,劳动争议案件的有效解决尤为重要。本文通过语义分析、体系分析、比较分析等方法,着重从解释论的角度切入,辅之以必要的立法论思考,结合我国当前相关法律规定及境外立法、司法案例,试图对劳动者的概念、“从属性”标准及劳动者分层保护理论进行释义重构,以寻求可适用我国的劳动者身份认定的标准,冀望为相关立法的改革及司法裁审规则的统一提供一定参考。本文分为引言、正文和结论三部分,现对正文部分作简要介绍:正文第一部分通过对我国以及部分境外国家地区有关“劳动者”的立法梳理,在辨析劳动者本身所具有的特点的基础上,从解释论的角度对劳动者定义进行了重构,认为劳动者是指达到法定年龄、具有劳动能力、以从事雇佣劳动获取收入为主要生活来源的自然人;通过总结分析我国近几十年的经济发展状况,劳动者群体现状,劳动法实施的社会效果,本文主张若要实现劳动法的立法宗旨,就必须要从立法和司法层面明确劳动者身份认定的标准。正文第二部分通过对世界以及我国台湾地区关于劳动者身份认定的理论和实践经验的总结,进而结合我国现有的研究成果进行了比较分析,认为我国应坚持以“人格从属性”作为认定劳动者身份的根本标准,同时适量扩大司法裁量权,以利于司法机关根据不同案件的不同情况对从属性标准内容做出不同解释,灵活并富有弹性的认定劳动者身份。正文第三部分重点介绍了劳动者分层保护理论的必要性、理论内容和其在现有立法中的体现。本文认为此理论面对现有的劳动者分层的社会状况有很大的适用空间,并在坚持应对劳动者进行分层保护的前提下,将劳动者群体划分为强势劳动者、普通劳动者和弱势劳动者,其划分标准即是坚持先形式后实质的判断思路。正文第四部分通过对前文的总结,认为面对劳动者群体的变化,劳动法领域应从立法和司法两个方面进行回应。本文立足于现有立法和司法状况,从完善立法技术、如何调整劳动者的范围以及如何贯彻劳动者分层保护理论的角度,提出了一些拙见,望能为相关问题的解决提供一些思路。劳动关系作为最基本、最重要的社会关系之一,其和谐程度与经济社会和谐程度呈正相关,构建和谐劳动关系作为构建和谐社会的必要组成部分,与职工和企业切身利益密切相连。鉴于我国现有的不尽完善的劳动法立法和司法现状,本文始终坚持,当前国情下,我们应通过国家明确立法和灵活司法的形式对劳动者身份认定的问题进行统一规范,从而更好对劳动者进行保护。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the rapid development of market economy, great changes have taken place in China's labor group, the diversified types of workers, laborers were divided, with multiple labor relations rights awareness and interests, the contradictions become increasingly prominent, the labor dispute cases increased. Among them, the more prominent the problem is to accurately identify the "laborers" status, the reason lies in the issue of China's lack of specialized legislation, in the current legislation of the relevant provisions are not clear, the establishment of employee identity standards have been identified now can not meet the needs of society, then lead to the parties understand the differences. Employee identity accurately, especially in the existing labor stratification has been very clear conditions for the effective implementation of the labor law, the effective solution of labor dispute cases It is particularly important. In this paper, through semantic analysis, system analysis, comparative analysis and other methods, mainly from the perspective of interpretation of the author, complemented by the necessary legislative thinking, combined with China's current relevant laws and regulations and foreign legislation and judicial cases, trying to the concept of laborers, "interpretation from the protection of property and standard reconstruction" laborer stratification theory, to seek for our employee identity standards, unified rules for the reform of trial hope the relevant legislation and judicial discretion provide certain reference. This paper is divided into preface, text and conclusion three parts, this article provides a brief introduction to the text: the first part through to our country and overseas country relevant "workers" of the legislation, based on the discrimination of workers has itself on the interpretation of from the perspective of the reconstruction of workers defined that laborer Refers to the legal age, have the ability to work, to natural persons engaged in labor income as the main source of livelihood; through the analysis of China's economic development in recent decades in summary, labor group status, labor law and social effect, this paper argues that if the real purpose of legislation is the labor law, it must be identified from the legislative and judicial levels to make clear the identity standards. The second part of the text through about employee identity theory and practice experience of the world and China's Taiwan region are summarized, and then combined with our existing research results were compared and analyzed, concluded that China should adhere to the "personality from the property" as the fundamental standards of workers the identity, while the amount of expansion of judicial discretion, in order to facilitate the judicial organs according to the different circumstances of different cases to make different interpretations from the properties of standard content, flexible And elastic that workers identity. The third part of the text introduces the necessity of protecting the laborer stratification theory, theory and its embodiment in the existing legislation. This paper argues that the theory of the existing social workers face stratification condition for large space, and layered protection on the premise to deal with workers, will groups of workers divided into strong workers, ordinary workers and vulnerable workers, the division standard is to judge ideas first form. The essence of the fourth part of the summary, that changes in labor group, the two aspects of the field of labor law from the legislative and judicial response. Based on the existing legislative and judicial status from the improvement of legislation, technology, how to adjust the scope of employees and how to implement the layered labor protection theory point of view, put forward a Some humble opinion, hope to provide some ideas to solve the problems of labor relations. As the most basic, one of the most important social relationships, the harmonious degree and positive economic and social harmonious degree, constructing harmonious labor relations as necessary to build a harmonious society part, closely related to the immediate interests of workers and enterprises. In view of our existing not all labor law legislation and judicial status quo perfect, this has always insisted, under the present situation, we should carry out a unified and standardized identification of laborers through legislation and judicial flexible form, so as to better protect the workers.

【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D922.5

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