恶意欠薪罪初探

发布时间：2018-04-05 16:01

本文选题：恶意欠薪罪　切入点：构成　出处：《华东政法大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：刑法生效后,历经八次修改,每一次都反映了社会基本现实及国家的刑事政策走向。今年全国人大常委会通过了《刑法修正案(八)》,其第41条规定了恶意欠薪罪。这是一个虽新又不新的条款,之前很多学者曾提出过对欠薪行为犯罪化与非犯罪化的诸多辨析,将其犯罪化说明社会亟需这一新罪来提高警示。“欠薪”行为在国外的立法例并不多见,很多人对这一行为犯罪化仍持质疑态度。本文主体部分共分为四个部分: 第一部分是对“欠薪”部门法的解读。《劳动法》规定拖欠工资是对劳动者合法权益的侵害,一旦受到侵害,可以通过劳动行政部门、民事诉讼等途径解决,但效果不佳。欠薪属于《民法》中的债权债务关系,解决途径仍旧走着《劳动法》的老路。这一切使得欠薪行为的犯罪化成为必然,并且这种犯罪化顺应了时代的要求。第二部分是探讨恶意欠薪罪的构成特征。本罪的犯罪客体是单一客体,即公民的财产权利。客观方面表现为以转移财产、逃匿等方法逃避支付劳动者的劳动报酬或者有能力支付而不支付劳动者的劳动报酬,数额较大,且经政府有关部门责令支付仍不支付的行为。犯罪主体是特殊主体,即具有支付劳动报酬义务的自然人和单位。犯罪主观方面表现为直接故意。第三部分是探讨恶意欠薪罪的认定。此部分探讨如下问题:首先,本罪的“数额较大”应以“行为人在实施犯罪时所规定的最低劳动报酬的几倍”为标准,“造成严重后果”包括被害人人数众多的,社会影响极度恶劣的;引发群体性讨薪事件,严重扰乱社会秩序的;造成国家经济损失达到一定数额的;因不支付劳动报酬,致使被害人重伤、死亡或者造成其他严重后果的等四种情形。其次,本罪中的“等”字涵义为列举未尽之意,其包含了暴力、胁迫、欺诈等行为方式。“经政府有关部门责令支付仍不支付”是本罪的构成要件内容,“责令”应出具具体的法律文书,此立法语句体现了“宽严相济”刑事政策中的“宽”。再次,本罪为纯正不作为犯罪,其存在犯罪未遂、中止等停止形态。最后讨论了恶意欠薪罪与相关犯罪之间的界定。第四部分是恶意欠薪罪争议问题解决。其中针对举证难问题,建议引入巨额财产来源不明罪的说明义务。关于被害人救济,本文提出建立多方位的法律网,发挥政府部门职能作用,齐抓共管搭建起恶意欠薪罪中被害人救济的坚实城墙。
[Abstract]:After the criminal law came into effect, it has been amended eight times, each time reflecting the basic reality of society and the trend of the country's criminal policy.This year, the standing Committee of the National people's Congress passed the Criminal Law Amendment (8), article 41 of which provides for the crime of malice in payment of wages.This is a new and not new clause, before many scholars have proposed to criminalize and decriminalize the act of unpaid wages, the criminalization of the crime shows that the society needs this new crime to raise the warning.The practice of "unpaid wages" is rare in foreign legislations, and many people still question the criminalization of it.The main body of this paper is divided into four parts:The overdue salary belongs to the creditor's rights and debts in the Civil Law, and the way to solve it is still the same as the Labor Law.All this makes the crime of unpaid behavior inevitable, and this crime conforms to the requirements of the times.The second part is to explore the characteristics of malicious crime of wages.The object of the crime is a single object, that is, the property rights of citizens.The objective aspect is to avoid paying laborer's labor reward by means of transferring property, escaping hiding and so on, or having the ability to pay but not paying laborer's labor reward, the amount is large, and the behavior that is ordered by the relevant government department to pay still does not pay.The subject of crime is a special subject, that is, the natural person and unit who have the obligation to pay for labor.The subjective aspect of crime is direct intention.The third part is to explore the malicious crime of wages.This part discusses the following problems: first, the "large amount" of this crime should be based on the criterion of "several times the minimum remuneration for labor stipulated by the perpetrator in the commission of the crime", and "causing serious consequences", including the large number of victims,If the social impact is extremely bad, causing mass incidents of wage collection and seriously disrupting social order, causing the state economic losses to a certain amount, and causing serious injury to the victims because they do not pay the remuneration for their work,Four cases of death or other serious consequences.Secondly, the meaning of "etc" in this crime is enumerative meaning, including violence, coercion, fraud and so on.It is the essential element of this crime to "order the payment not to be paid" by the relevant government departments, and the "order" should issue a specific legal document. This legislative statement reflects the "leniency" in the criminal policy of "combining leniency with severity".Again, the crime is pure omission crime, its existence of attempted crime, suspension and other stop form.Finally, the definition between the crime of malicious wages and related crimes is discussed.The fourth part is the dispute settlement of the crime of malice in arrears of wages.Aiming at the problem of hard proof, it is suggested to introduce the explanation obligation of the crime of huge amount of property of unknown origin.With regard to victim relief, this paper puts forward the establishment of a multi-directional legal network to give play to the functions of government departments, and to build a solid wall of victim relief in the crime of maliciously unpaid wages.
【学位授予单位】：华东政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D924.3

【引证文献】