深圳市外来务工人员的体育生活方式现状及发展对策研究

发布时间：2018-04-19 19:09

本文选题：深圳市 + 外来务工人员　；参考：《长江大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：据新华社报道,我国农村外出务工的农民2002年超过9400万,2003年达到9800万,2004年已超过1亿,相比我国农业劳动力3.2亿,外出务工农民已占我国农业劳动力的三分之一。外来务工人员是走在中国改革开放前列的先锋之一,在中国的城市化和产业化的进程中做出了令国人称道的贡献。如今,他们已经发展成为一个特定的社会阶层,从而作为当今城市中的一个特殊群体,在城市社会经济发展中扮演着非常重要的角色。然而,这一阶层的社会地位与现实境遇和他们对社会的贡献形成了巨大的反差——他们生活在城市社会的边缘,在就业、工资、住房、教育、培训、医疗、保险和司法等方面遭受着种种不公正的待遇。总体上,他们长期从事危险工作,工资偏低,没有福利,各种权利极易受到却难以得到国家公权力的救济,因而遭遇了其他社会群体迄今为止未曾经历过的种种问题和困难,整体沦为城市边缘群体和弱势群体,得不到相应的权利和法律救济,从而出现了具有中国特色的“拖欠农民工工资”等一系列问题。目前,在中国经济快速发展的进程中,社会结构的转型和城镇化进程的不断加快,使得外来务工人员的权益保护问题更加突出。外来务工人员的权益保护和救济,是当代中国社会的亟待解决的时代命题,这引起了社会的高度关注。这一命题也成为当今劳动法乃至社会法研究的新兴领域,国内学者对外来劳动者的权益问题进行了深入、持久地研究。因此,本课题具有较强的现实意义。在整个深圳市,来自全国各地的外来人员达到786万人,约占深圳市常住总人口的86%,其中绝大多数人为外来务工人员。外来务工人员是深圳经济发展的主力军,也是社会财富的创造者。深圳的发展,凝聚了无数外来农民工的智慧和汗水。然而,这支来自全国各地的劳动大军,绝大多数在非公有制企业务工。他们大多数人从事着生产环境艰苦、劳动强度高、月收入较低的工作。精神文化、休闲生活较为贫乏,体质与健康水平下降,疾病发生率高,不能很好的融入本地社会之中。外来务工人员成为现今社会关注的焦点,全国关于民工的报道也越来越多,我们对他们的关心也越来越多。十七大精神强调政府部门及社会各界要关爱外来务工人员。然而政府部门只注重物质上的改善外来务工人员。却没有较周全的考虑过他们的身心健康以及体育活动方式的改善。将外来务工人员的体育生活与当地融合是他们融入深圳这个大城市的主要途径之一。本研究站在社会学的角度对不同户籍、性别、文化程度、年龄、职业、经济收入的外来务工人员的体育生活方式现状进行调查与分析。探讨制约因素,提出外来务工人员体育生活方式的改善的对策。以体育运动在构建和谐社会的独特作用,为经济特区的有关部门制定群众体育工作的相关法规与政策提供参考。本文运用文献资料法、专家访谈法、现场调查法、数理统计法和逻辑分析法,对外来务工人员的体育生活现状进行调查与分析研究得出以下5点结论： (1)外来务工人员严重缺乏体育卫生知识和体育锻炼方法,体育态度比较消极,体育价值观念还有待很大一步的提高； (2)外来务工人员对体育锻炼没有较高的兴趣。体育人口严重缺乏占被调查人数的5.7%。 (3)外来务工人员缺少时间和精力去进行体育锻炼。由于受经济条件的限制,其中大多数人群选择在免费的体育场所进行体育锻炼。 (4)外来务工人员并不满意单位和居住社区的体育工作,社区缺少对公共健身器械的管理；社区缺少体育指导员。 (5)深圳市各区的群众体育管理和组织部门缺乏对外来务工人员体育方面的管理；企业主们只当经济利益最大化作为最终追求,缺少了集体组织体育活动的投入。根据深圳市外来务工人员的体育生活方式现状分析,以及当前深圳市群众体育事业发展的现实,提出如下对策： (1)深圳市各地方政府实现体育以人为本的可续发展,必须对外来务工人员的体育发展引起重视。 (2)深圳市各地方政府要加强体育宣传工作力度,有效的引导外来务工人员的体育参与。 (3)深圳市各地方政府要加强组织管理,创设便利于外来务工人员的体育运动场所,提供其参与运动的有利条件 (4)建设“体育生活化”社区,创设体育文化氛围,调动外来务工人员的体育兴趣,引发外来务工人员体育需要的发现,培养外来务工人员的体育意识。 (5)民企创设“体育圈”,组织丰富多彩的体育活动,提高外来务工人员的精神文化生活水平。民企还应改善工作制度,保证运动健身的时间,减小工作负担,解放体育活动的人力资源。 (6)社区和民企都要提供社会体育指导员,加强体育指导,使外来务工人员更全面地了解体育,培养健身本领,打好健身基础。
[Abstract]:China ' s rural migrant workers more than 94 million in 2002 , reached 94 million in 2003 , more than 100 million in 2004 , compared with 320 million agricultural workers in our country , and migrant workers accounted for a third of the agricultural workforce in our country , Xinhua reported .

In the process of urbanization and industrialization in China , foreign workers have made great contributions to the process of urbanization and industrialization in China . Nowadays , they have been developing into a special social stratum , which has played a very important role in the development of urban socio - economic development .

The protection and relief of the rights and interests of migrant workers is an urgent problem to be solved in the contemporary Chinese society , which has caused the high attention of the society . This proposition has also become a new field in the research of modern labor law and social law , and domestic scholars have carried out an in - depth and lasting study on the rights and interests of workers . Therefore , the subject has a strong practical significance .

In the whole city , the number of foreign workers from all over the country has reached 786 million , accounting for 86 % of the total population of Shenzhen , most of them are migrant workers . Most of them are working in non - public enterprises . Most of them focus on improving the physical and mental health of migrant workers and the improvement of sports activities .

Based on the methods of literature , experts ' interviews , on - site survey , mathematical statistics and logical analysis , the present situation of sports life of migrant workers is investigated and analyzed , and the following 5 conclusions are drawn :

( 1 ) There is a serious lack of physical education knowledge and physical training methods in migrant workers , and the attitude of sports is negative , and the value of sports is still to be improved .

( 2 ) There is no higher interest in physical exercise by migrant workers . The sports population is seriously lack of 5.7 % of the people surveyed .

( 3 ) There is a lack of time and effort by migrant workers to exercise physical exercise . Most of them choose to exercise physical exercise at a free stadium due to restrictions on economic conditions .

( 4 ) The migrant workers are not satisfied with the sports work of the unit and the residential community , and the community lacks the management of the public fitness equipment ;
The community lacks sports instructors .

( 5 ) The mass sports management and organization departments in all districts in Shenzhen lack the management of the physical aspects of the migrant workers ;
Business owners only maximize economic benefits as the ultimate pursuit , and lack the input of collective organizational sports activities .

According to the present situation of the sports lifestyle of migrant workers in Shenzhen , and the current situation of the development of the masses in Shenzhen , the following countermeasures are put forward :

( 1 ) All local governments in Shenzhen realize the sustainable development of people - oriented sports , and must attach great importance to the development of physical education of migrant workers .

( 2 ) Local governments in Shenzhen should strengthen the efforts of sports publicity and effectively guide the sports participation of migrant workers .

( 3 ) The local governments in Shenzhen should strengthen the management of the organizations , set up the venues for sports and sports facilities that are convenient for migrant workers , and provide the favorable conditions for their participation in sports .

( 4 ) To build the " sports life - activated " community , create the sports culture atmosphere , arouse the sports interest of the migrant workers , trigger the discovery of the sports needs of the migrant workers , and train the sports consciousness of the migrant workers .

( 5 ) The private enterprise creates a " sports circle " , organizes rich and colorful sports activities , improves the spiritual and cultural life level of migrant workers , and the private enterprise should also improve the working system , guarantee the time for sports fitness , reduce the burden of work , and liberate the human resources of sports activities .

( 6 ) Community and private enterprises should provide social sports instructors , strengthen physical education guidance , make the migrant workers more fully aware of sports , train body - building skills , and play a good health - building foundation .

【学位授予单位】：长江大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：G812.4

【参考文献】