基于面子理论的拒绝言语行为的语用策略的跨文化分析

发布时间：2018-05-02 12:36

本文选题：拒绝策略 + 言语行为　；参考：《长春工业大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：对于语言学习者来说,学习一门外语不仅意味着掌握目标语言的语法,发音,词汇,同时也意味着要礼貌,准确,有效地使用语言,以便它可以最大限度减少跨文化交际所产生的误解和尴尬。从而,提高跨文化交际的成功性。本研究聚焦于“拒绝”言语行为,依据BrownLevinson的面子理论,从跨文化交际的角度对中国英语学习者和英语本族语使用者在实施拒绝言语行为时的策略进行了研究,旨在发现他们之间的异同以及策略选择背后的文化价值取向的差异。研究问题如下： 1.中国英语学习者和英语本族语使用者在采用拒绝策略时有差异和共性吗? 2.对话者的社会地位是否会影响中国英语学习者和英语本族语使用者采用拒绝策略? 3.产生差异的原因有哪些? 中英文两份问卷调查采用DCT补全对话的方式,引发拒绝的言语行为设定为：要求、邀请、给予和建议四类。语料分析过程中,主要是考虑社会地位对拒绝策略的影响。借助于SPSS13.0软件以及百分比对各项数据进行量化分析。以前的研究者在问卷调查的过程中,只是进行比较美国或是加拿大,某一个英语国家的受试者在“拒绝”言语行为上的语用策略差异,但是在跨文化交际中,我们不可能单纯地只和美国或是加拿大一个国家的人民进行交流,我们需要掌握了解的是中西方文化中礼貌策略的差异以及这些差异存在的文化背景原因,从而恰当地使用拒绝策略。因此此次问卷的受试者,选择了来自多个英语国家的英语本族语使用者。而在中国学生方面,第一次选择了独立学院的中国学生作为受试对象。结果表明,两组受试者在使用拒绝策略方面既有相同之处,同时又存在一些区别。相同之处是两组受试者都较多地使用了间接策略。譬如：理由、歉意、选择、说服以及回避等拒绝策略。不同之处表现在直接策略和间接策略的使用频率、内容以及对社会地位的敏感程度方面。总体上来说,中国学生采用的策略比英语国家的人多,中国学生对对方的社会地位很敏感,对比自己地位高的上级多采用道歉,理由和提供选择等策略；对比自己地位低的下级多采用理由,说服,回避和直接拒绝。而英语国家的受试者多采用理由和直接拒绝,拒绝策略的选择与社会地位无必然联系。中国学生的拒绝理由比较具体,通常涉及父母长辈及家庭,而英语国家受试者的理由相对模糊。通过对拒绝策略的使用特点进行分析,可探究中西方文化价值观之间的异同,中国的集体主义和西方的个人主义。此外,在统计问卷调查中,还出现了一个现象：在中国学生测试中,一部分是90后的学生,在他们的答案中,可以发现,和中国传统的“卑己尊人”,对于社会地位敏感性的传统礼貌原则有所不同是,这一小部分测试者,更倾向于以自我为中心,善于运用法律(劳动法)来为自己寻求合理的拒绝理由,以及有更多的使用直接拒绝的倾向。这些都表明,在90后的学生中,中国的传统的礼貌原则发生了一些变化。
[Abstract]:For language learners, learning a foreign language means not only to master the grammar, pronunciation, and vocabulary of the target language, but also to use it politely, accurately and effectively, so that it can minimize the misunderstanding and embarrassment of cross cultural communication. From the point of view, the success of intercultural communication is improved.
This study focuses on the "Refusal" speech act. Based on the face theory of BrownLevinson, the strategies of Chinese English learners and native speakers of English native speakers are studied from the perspective of cross cultural communication in order to find the differences between them and the cultural value orientation behind the choice of strategies. The following questions are as follows:
1. are there differences and similarities between Chinese EFL learners and native speakers of English in adopting refusal strategies?
2. does the social status of interlocutors affect the refusal strategies adopted by Chinese learners of English and native speakers of English?
3. what are the reasons for the difference?
In Chinese and English, two questionnaires were used to complement the DCT dialogue, and the speech acts of refusal were set up as: requirements, invitations, giving and suggestions. In the process of linguistic analysis, the influence of social status on the refusal strategy was mainly considered. SPSS13.0 software and percentage were used to quantify the data.
In the process of questionnaire survey, the former researchers only compare the pragmatic strategy differences between the American and Canadian subjects in a certain English speaking country, but in cross-cultural communication, we can not simply communicate with the people in the United States or in a larger country. We need a palmar. We know the differences in politeness strategies in Chinese and Western cultures and the cultural background of these differences, so that the refusal strategies are properly used. Therefore, the participants of this questionnaire chose English native speakers from many English speaking countries. In Chinese students, the first choice of Chinese students from independent colleges was made. For subjects.
The results showed that the two groups had similarities and differences in the use of refusal strategies. The similarities were that two groups of subjects used more indirect strategies, such as reasons, apology, choice, persuasion and avoidance. In general, Chinese students adopt more strategies than those in English speaking countries. Chinese students are sensitive to their social status. They use apology, reasons, and choice strategies to compare their higher status. The participants in the English speaking countries use reasons and direct refusal, and the choice of refusal strategies is not necessarily linked to social status. The reasons for the rejection of Chinese students are more specific, usually involving the parents' elders and families, and the reasons for the subjects of the English speaking countries are relatively vague. Explore the similarities and differences between Chinese and Western cultural values, Chinese collectivism and Western individualism.
In addition, in the questionnaire survey, there is also a phenomenon: in the Chinese student test, part of the post-90s students, in their answers, can be found, and Chinese traditional "humble people", the social status sensitivity of the traditional politeness principle is different, the small part of the tester, more inclined to be in the self. Heart, good at using law (labor law) to find reasonable reasons for refusal and the tendency to use more direct refusal. These all show that in the post-90s students, the traditional politeness principle has changed some.

【学位授予单位】：长春工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：H030

【参考文献】