商业秘密侵权法律救济制度研究

发布时间：2018-06-20 03:02

本文选题：商业秘密 + 侵权　；参考：《西南财经大学》2009年硕士论文

【摘要】： 随着我国市场经济的发展,商业秘密一词开始为我们所熟知。相对英美国家保护商业秘密已有一百多年的历史,我国商业秘密的法律保护还是刚刚起步,一些相关法律原则、制度和措施还需要逐步建立和完善,我国也尚未制定专门的商业秘密保护法,依据现行的有关法律解决商业秘密侵权纠纷,存在诸多疑问和漏洞,从而成为司法部门处理这类纠纷的一大难题。然而与我国保护商业秘密的法律严重滞后的现状相反,近年来,法院受理的商业秘密侵权案件数量呈不断增加的趋势,且案件涉及的标的越来越大,对社会经济的破坏力和影响力也越来越明显。因此,如何对商业秘密侵权进行有效的法律救济便成为了一个崭新的课题。法谚云:没有救济的权利不是真正的权利。这一法律格言所强调的是:救济对权利实现的重要作用,没有救济就没有权利。商业秘密作为企业核心的技术秘密和经营秘密,是企业的宝贵生命,是企业重要的无形财富,企业想要立足于竞争激烈的市场,必须重视对其商业秘密的保护,一旦企业的商业秘密遭到侵犯,无疑会给企业以致命的打击,因此,研究商业秘密的法律救济制度就更具有现实意义和理论意义。世界上许多国家的法律对于商业秘密侵权及其法律救济制度均作了规定,中外学者在此问题上也进行了深入研究且成果颇丰。然而学界及实务界对于如何加强理论研究与司法实践的结合问题涉及者不是很多,且认识不一。我国学界对于商业秘密侵权及其法律救济制度的研究起步较晚,现行法律对这一制度的规定还不够完善,不能适应复杂多变的经济生活的需要。因此,进一步深入研究这一制度特别是加强理论研究与司法实践之间的有机结合就显得十分必要。本文从商业秘密立法保护公平竞争,维护商业秘密权利人合法权益的根本宗旨出发,结合我国商业秘密保护的司法实践,紧扣商业秘密及商业秘密侵权行为的本质进行探讨,对商业秘密侵权法律救济制度的几个主要问题进行了系统阐述,以期实现对我国商业秘密侵权法律救济理论研究的丰富与深化,并对我国商业秘密保护的司法实践有所裨益。本文旨在通过对商业秘密法律保护理论的历史沿革与发展,商业秘密保护的中外立法与司法实践等方面进行考察,分析澄清在商业秘密及商业秘密侵权行为的构成,商业秘密侵权法律救济等方面存在的认识误区,寻求适当的解决方案以实现理论研究与司法实践的有机结合。本文提出应在坚持商业秘密立法根本宗旨,适当借鉴国外有益的理论成果和立法经验的前提下,结合我国国情,通过立法将商业秘密侵权行为的本质类型、确认原则、损害赔偿及其归责原则等方面的规定有机地统一起来,从而构建科学的符合当今经济生活需要的商业秘密侵权法律救济制度。具体来讲,本文的主要内容包括: 第一部分,本文首先引述了有关商业秘密侵权纠纷的四个司法判例,这四个判例分别来自行政、刑事、民事领域,笔者针对这四个案例进行了详细分析,由此总结出在目前司法实践中,商业秘密侵权法律救济中存在的诸多问题,并在此基础上引出本文研究的主要问题。文章第二部分主要为商业秘密侵权救济基本理论的阐述,目的是为之后的研究奠定坚实的理论基础。首先笔者探讨了商业秘密的概念,通过比较各国立法及国际公约中对“商业秘密”的不同界定,可以看出我国立法对商业秘密的界定,与世界各国的立法基本一致,并得出了当今世界各国对于商业秘密的解释呈不断扩大趋势的结论。为了更好的把握商业秘密的范围,为商业秘密侵权行为的认定提供必要的理论依据,笔者进一步对商业秘密的构成要件进行了探讨。笔者首先回顾了学者们对商业秘密构成要件的不同概括,分析了不同学说之间的差异,指出无论持何种观点的人对于商业秘密应具有价值性的特征已达成共识,应具有非公知性、保密性的特征亦已基本达成共识,只是持不同观点的人采用了不同词汇予以表述而已,但对于商业秘密应否具有实用性、新颖性或独特性等特征的认识尚不一致。笔者认为,从保护公平竞争,维护商业秘密权利人合法权益的根本宗旨出发,应当对商业秘密的构成要件采“三要素”说。在肯定了商业秘密构成之后,笔者阐述了几种常见的商业秘密侵权类型及主要的抗辩事由。其次,笔者介绍商业秘密法律保护的理论发展,阐述了商业秘密保护历史上五种主要救济理论并且分析了各理论在运用于商业秘密救济中的利弊。合同理论的实质在于运用违约责任预防和制裁商业秘密侵权行为,但合同理论无法对抗第三人所为的侵犯商业秘密的行为;破坏保密关系的侵权理论认为行为人因泄漏和使用商业秘密而应当承担责任,但该理论过于依赖保密关系而适用范围有一定的局限性;财产权理论将商业秘密视为某种知识产权或无形产权,给予商业秘密以财产权的法律保护。财产权肯定了商业秘密权的财产权属性,使侵犯商业秘密的救济既可适用合同责任也可适用侵权责任,从而使商业秘密权的效力范围从合同相对方扩及第三人,完善了商业秘密的保护。但是其也面临着诸如产权界定不清晰、权利人无法实现排他控制等的质疑;反不正当竞争理论认为未经许可而使用他人商业秘密的行为损害了竞争的正常秩序,为了维护公平竞争的交易秩序应对侵犯商业秘密的人加以惩罚,该理论着力于维护整个市场经济公平竞争的秩序,但反不正当竞争理论却无法回答在非为竞争目的下侵犯商业秘密的救济问题;隐私权理论作为一种新兴理论,虽然开拓了商业秘密救济理论的新视野,但是它自诞生以来就面临一系列的挑战。最后笔者认为,为了加强商业秘密保护力度,应当允许商业秘密权利人选择多种救济理论,以获得充分法律救济。第三部分主要是比较法上的研究,介绍了国外商业秘密侵权救济制度,涵盖了英美法系和大陆法系有代表性国家的立法例。其中由于美国的相关制度设计,更为具体,具有实用性、操作性强的特点,本文做了详细介绍,包括禁令制度的发展、惩罚性赔偿的运用、刑事责任的构建等。在对国外关于商业秘密法律救济的规定进行了分析后,本文对我国现行的商业秘密法律救济制度进行了阐述。我国没有专门的商业秘密保护法,因此对商业秘密的保护主要是通过散见于民法、合同法、劳动法、刑法、反不正当竞争法等各类单行法的规定来调整。从商业秘密侵权的救济方式看,主要是采取责令停止违法行为、罚款、赔偿损失和追究刑事责任。最后笔者通过对各国商业秘密救济立法的比较研究,结合我国的商业秘密侵权救济的法律现状,总结勾勒出了一些商业秘密救济制度的发展趋势。第四部分,笔者在理论探讨和比较法研究的基础上,针对我国目前商业秘密侵权现象十分突出的现状,结合我国的实际情况,借鉴外国的有益经验,对完善我国商业秘密侵权救济制度提出了一些立法建议,以期构建对商业秘密侵权的有效法律救济途径。本文最后一部分为余论,尽管本文是以商业秘密侵权的民事救济制度的完善为主体,但是考虑到本文的标题为商业秘密侵权法律救济制度研究,从结构完整性的角度,有必要对笔者在文章绪论部分提出的所有问题做一个全面的回应,因此这一部分笔者简要阐述了商业秘密侵权的行政救济制度和刑事救济制度的完善措施。
[Abstract]:With the development of China ' s market economy , the term commercial secrets began to be familiar to us . The legal protection of the commercial secrets of our country has just begun , and some relevant legal principles , systems and measures need to be gradually established and perfected .

Law proverb says : The right to lack of relief is not the real right . The legal motto is that relief is an important part of the realization of rights and has no right . It is the precious life of the enterprise . It is an important intangible asset of the enterprise . The enterprise must pay attention to the protection of its trade secrets . Once the business secret of the enterprise is violated , it will surely give the enterprise a fatal blow . Therefore , the legal relief system for the research of trade secrets has more practical significance and theoretical significance .

The law of many countries in the world provides for the infringement of commercial secrets and the legal remedies system . However , scholars and practice circles have made a thorough study on how to strengthen the combination of theoretical research and judicial practice . However , in the academic circles and practice circles , the research on how to strengthen the theoretical research and judicial practice is not quite a lot , and the understanding is different . In the academic circles , the current law is not perfect enough to meet the needs of complicated economic life . Therefore , it is necessary to study deeply the system , especially to strengthen the organic integration between theory research and judicial practice .

Based on the basic tenet of protecting fair competition and safeguarding the legitimate rights and interests of commercial secrets , this paper makes a systematic exposition of several main problems in the legal relief system of trade secret infringement , and aims at realizing the rich and deepening of the research on the legal relief system of trade secret infringement .

On the premise of insisting on the fundamental aim of commercial secret legislation , properly drawing lessons from the beneficial theoretical achievements and legislative experience of foreign countries , combining with the national conditions of our country , this paper organically unifies the essential type , the confirmation principle , the damages and the principle of liability of commercial secret infringement through legislation , so as to construct the scientific remedy system which accords with the current economic life needs .

Specifically , the main contents of this article include :

In the first part , four judicial precedent for commercial secret infringement dispute are introduced in this paper . The four cases come from the administrative , criminal and civil domain respectively . The author makes a detailed analysis of the four cases , and summarizes the problems existing in the legal remedy of commercial secret infringement in the current judicial practice , and brings out the main problems in this paper .

The second part of this article is mainly about the basic theory of commercial secret infringement relief . The aim is to lay a solid theoretical foundation for the later research .

First , the author discusses the concept of trade secret , compares the different definition of " trade secrets " in national legislation and international conventions , it can be seen that the definition of trade secrets in our country ' s legislation is basically consistent with the legislation of all countries in the world .

In order to better grasp the scope of trade secrets and provide the necessary theoretical basis for the determination of trade secret infringement , the author firstly reviews the differences between different theories , and points out that there is no consensus on the characteristics of commercial secrets , and points out that , from the fundamental aim of protecting fair competition and maintaining the legitimate rights and interests of commercial secrets , the author points out that there are three elements in the constitutive requirements of trade secrets . After affirming the formation of trade secrets , the author expounds several common types of trade secrets and the main defense matters .

Secondly , the author introduces the theory development of the legal protection of trade secret , expounds five main relief theories in the history of trade secret protection and analyzes the pros and cons of each theory in the application of business secret remedy .

The essence of contract theory lies in the use of breach liability to prevent and sanction trade secret infringement , but the contract theory cannot resist the violation of trade secrets by the third party . The theory of anti - unfair competition is regarded as a kind of intellectual property or intangible property right . The theory of anti - unfair competition is regarded as a kind of intellectual property or intangible property right . The theory of anti - unfair competition can be applied to protect the fair competition of the whole market economy .

The third part is mainly the comparative law research , introduces the foreign trade secret infringement relief system , covers the common law system and the continental law system the representative country ' s legislation example , in which , because of the relevant system design of the United States , more concrete , has the characteristic of strong operability , this paper makes a detailed introduction , including the development of the ban system , the application of punitive damages , the construction of criminal responsibility , etc .

After analyzing the provisions of the legal remedies for commercial secrets abroad , this paper expounds the legal relief system of commercial secrets in China . The protection of trade secrets is mainly through the provisions of various single - line laws such as civil law , contract law , labor law , criminal law and anti - unfair competition law .

Finally , through the comparative study of the national trade secret relief legislation , the author summarizes the development trend of some business secret relief systems in combination with the legal status quo of commercial secret infringement relief in our country .

The fourth part , on the basis of theoretical discussion and comparative law research , aiming at the present situation of China ' s current commercial secret infringement phenomenon , combining with the actual situation of our country , draw lessons from the foreign beneficial experience , put forward some legislative suggestions to perfect our country ' s commercial secret infringement relief system , in order to construct the effective legal remedy way to trade secret infringement .

The last part of this article is Yu Lun , although this paper is the main body of the civil remedy system of commercial secret infringement , but considering the title of this article as the research of the legal relief system of commercial secret infringement , it is necessary to make a comprehensive response to all the questions put forward by the author in the introductory part of the article from the perspective of structural integrity , so the author briefly expounds the administrative relief system of commercial secret infringement and the perfection measures of the criminal relief system .
【学位授予单位】：西南财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：D922.294

【参考文献】