试论我国消除就业与职业歧视立法

发布时间：2018-06-20 15:43

本文选题：试论 + 我国　；参考：《华东政法学院》2004年硕士论文

【摘要】：在消除就业与职业歧视立法方面,我国仅在《中华人民共和国劳动法》、《中华人民共和国妇女权益保障法》、《中华人民共和国残疾人保障法》中有些零散的规定, 并没有专门立法或者系统的规定。而仅有的法律规定又呈现出过于原则、保护范围过窄、缺乏救济途径等弊端。而与之相对应的社会现实是歧视现象层出不穷,侵犯劳动者基本权利的状况颇为严重。尤其是近两年来,出现了一系列轰动全国的案件, 引起了社会上的广泛关注。社会各界对现行法律的检讨逐步增多,反歧视立法的呼声日渐高涨。但是,上述严峻的现实并没有引起我国劳动法理论界应有的重视。大多学者从消极权利观出发,认为我国有关消除就业与职业歧视制度足以适应新形势的发展,只是执法力度不够而已。在消除就业和职业歧视的具体法律制度研究方面,也鲜有研究涉及。探索这其中的缘由,分析现有理论缺陷和现行法律的弊端,并提出具体的解决方案,无疑具有重要的现实意义。本文由四部分组成: 第一章是有关歧视问题的理论认识和我国实际状况的对比分析。针对消除就业与职业歧视问题,理论界采取乐观态度,认为现有制度资源能够适应新形势;而对比社会现实,歧视问题却颇为严峻。这种强烈的反差说明两方面的问题:其一,现有 WP=4 理论对消除就业与职业歧视问题的解读存在误区;其二,现有立法不足以解决日益严重的就业与职业歧视问题,需要重新检视。第二章是就业和职业歧视问题日益严峻的原因分析。本部分从对消除就业和职业歧视对应的公民权利——平等劳动权的分析入手,得出就业和职业歧视问题日益严峻的根本原因在于将平等劳动权视为消极权利。正是在这种消极权利观的指导下, 我国立法才呈现出过于原则、保护范围狭窄、缺乏相应救济途径的消极立法状态。而这种消极立法正是就业和职业歧视不能消除的直接原因。第三章是有关变消极权利观为积极权利观的视角调整。本章重点解析了积极权利观的概念和性质,并从平等劳动权的本质、平等劳动权的历史发展、劳动者的弱者地位以及制衡用人单位的用工自主权四个角度分析了消除就业和职业歧视立法必须转换理论视角,即完成从消极权利观到积极权利观的视角调整。第四章是有关就业和职业歧视的制度构建。本章通过借鉴国外立法的先进经验, 并结合我国实际,提出我国消除就业与职业歧视立法,应在积极权利观指导下,从实体内容、主体、司法程序三个方面进行制度构架。另外,笔者也注意到消除就业与职业歧视问题是一个系统工程,它还具体涉及其他相关立法的配套与完善,因此就消除就业与职业歧视立法与其他相关法律制度的协调问题也作了初步探讨。本文在整个论证过程中,始终着眼于就业与职业领域广泛存在的歧视问题,运用归纳和演绎的方法,比较分析了国内和国外有关反歧视的理论和实践成果,并运用现有的法学理论,对我国消除就业与职业歧视的理论视角和法律制度的设计进行了初步的探索。由于国内消除就业与职业歧视立法和理论研究相对滞后,本文比较多的介绍和研究国外发达国家在消除就业与职业歧视领域的经验和教训,并结合我国的实际进行了恰当的移植。
[Abstract]:In the elimination of employment and occupation discrimination legislation, China is only in the "People's Republic of China labor law", "Chinese people".
There are some scattered provisions in the law on the protection of women's rights and interests in the people's Republic of China, and the law of the People's Republic of China on the protection of disabled persons.
There are no special legislation or systematic provisions, and the only legal provisions are too principled and protected.
Too narrow, lack of relief channels and other drawbacks, and the corresponding social reality is the phenomenon of discrimination emerge in an endless stream.
The basic rights of workers are quite serious, especially in the past two years.
It has aroused widespread concern in the society. The review of the existing laws has been gradually increasing in all sectors of the society, and the anti discrimination legislation is calling.
The sound is rising.
However, the severe reality has not aroused the attention of the theoretical circles of labor law in China.
From the perspective of totalitarianism, we believe that the elimination of employment and occupation discrimination system in China is enough to adapt to the development of the new situation.
It is not enough to enforce the law. There are few researches on the specific legal system to eliminate employment and occupation discrimination.
Explore the reasons for this, analyze the existing theoretical defects and the drawbacks of the existing laws, and put forward specific suggestions.
There is no doubt that the solution is of great practical significance.
This paper consists of four parts:
The first chapter is a comparative analysis of the theoretical understanding of discrimination and the actual situation in China.
In the field of occupational discrimination, the theoretical circles take an optimistic view that the existing system resources can adapt to the new situation, and contrast.
In social reality, the problem of discrimination is rather grim. This sharp contrast illustrates two problems: first, the existing
WP=4
There is misunderstanding in the interpretation of employment and occupation discrimination. Secondly, the existing legislation is not enough to solve the problem.
Serious employment and occupation discrimination need to be re examined.
The second chapter is the analysis of the increasingly severe causes of employment and occupation discrimination.
Discriminating the corresponding civil rights -- the analysis of equal labor rights, concludes that the problem of discrimination in employment and occupation is increasingly strict.
The fundamental reason is that the equal right to work is regarded as a negative right. Under the guidance of this negative concept of rights,
Our country's legislation shows too much principle, narrow protection scope, and lack of the negative legislative state of corresponding relief ways.
This passive legislation is the direct reason why employment and occupation discrimination can not be eliminated.
The third chapter is about the adjustment of the negative rights view from the perspective of positive rights. This chapter focuses on the analysis of positive rights.
The concept and nature of view, and from the essence of equal labor rights, the historical development of equal labor rights, the weak workers.
In the four perspectives of status and checks and balances of employers' employment autonomy, it is necessary to eliminate employment and occupation discrimination legislation.
From the perspective of transformation theory, we can adjust the perspective from negative rights to positive rights.
The fourth chapter is about the system construction of employment and occupation discrimination. This chapter draws on the advanced experience of foreign legislation.
Combined with the reality of our country, it is proposed that China's legislation to eliminate discrimination in employment and occupation should be guided by the concept of positive rights.
In addition, the author also noted the elimination of employment in the following three aspects: the entity content, the main body and the judicial procedure.
The problem of discrimination against occupation is a systematic project. It also involves the matching and perfection of other related legislation.
The coordination of legislation on Eliminating Employment and occupation discrimination and other related legal systems is also discussed.
Throughout the whole process of argument, this article always focuses on the widespread discrimination in employment and occupation.
The method of induction and deduction compares and analyzes the theories and practices of anti discrimination both at home and abroad.
The existing legal theory has carried out the theoretical perspective and the design of the legal system for eliminating employment and occupation discrimination in China.
Because of the relative lag of legislation and theoretical research on Eliminating Employment and occupation discrimination in China, there are many articles in this article.
To introduce and study the experiences and lessons of foreign developed countries in eliminating employment and occupation discrimination, and combine them with our country.
The practice has been properly transplanted.
【学位授予单位】：华东政法学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2004
【分类号】：D920.4

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