我国加班问题研究

发布时间：2018-10-09 20:53

【摘要】：目前，我国正积极倡导构建和谐劳动关系，让劳动者体面劳动，但由于过度加班导致的劳资争议、过劳死等负面影响却成为和谐社会进程中不和谐的音符。回顾我国相关劳动立法，对于规制加班问题，我国并不缺乏制度设计。相关劳动立法从加班时间、加班程序、加班报酬以及违法加班处罚措施等方面做出了严格的制度设计，从制度设计表面上看，加班制度设计的相当的完善，但是从制度实施效果看，过长加班时间的抱怨、一桩桩过劳死案例的现实将完美的制度设计敲击的粉碎，甚至一句“我自愿加班或我要加班”就可能将该整套强制加班制度通通予以合法规避，，制度最终并没有有效实现对劳动者全方位保护。因此，本文认为加班制度设计与制度实施效果产生极大反差的原因在于劳动者就业与生活压力大、用人单位竞争力匮乏、工会在集体协商中力量缺乏、劳动行政监察宽于执法以及我国社会保障制度不完善等原因。本文除分析加班原因之外，本文认为更应该从制度层面反思我国的加班制度设计，正因为我国加班制度设计基准偏高、操作模糊、运行失灵，完美而严格的加班制度设计在实践中无法得到全面落实。基于此，本文最后提出三点完善政策建议，第一：从国家本位出发，完善相关制度，包括适当调整法定工时制度、完善社会保障制度及“过劳死”工伤责任认定制度等；第二：从社会本位出发，改革工会体制，保证工会经费自主、职能独立；第三：从微观角度出发，提高用人单位的社会责任感，尊重劳工权益。过度加班问题不仅仅是一个需要在制度层面解决与完善的问题，它更是一个社会问题，防治过度加班问题需要整个社会的努力。
[Abstract]:At present, our country is actively advocating the construction of harmonious labor relations, so that workers decent work, but due to excessive overtime labor disputes, overwork and other negative effects have become a harmonious note in the process of harmonious society. Looking back at the relevant labor legislation in China, there is no lack of institutional design to regulate overtime. The relevant labor legislation has made a strict system design from the aspects of overtime hours, overtime procedures, overtime compensation and punishment measures for illegal overtime. On the surface of the system design, the overtime system design is quite perfect. But from the point of view of the effect of the implementation of the system, the complaints of excessive overtime, the reality of a case of overwork, shattered the perfect design of the system. Even saying "I volunteer overtime or I want to work overtime" may legally circumvent the whole system of compulsory overtime, and the system does not effectively realize the overall protection of workers in the end. Therefore, this paper argues that the reasons for the great contrast between the design of the overtime system and the implementation of the system are the heavy pressure on the employment and life of the workers, the lack of competitiveness of the employing units, and the lack of strength of the trade unions in the collective negotiation. Labor administrative supervision is wider than law enforcement and our country's social security system is imperfect and so on. In addition to analyzing the reasons for overtime, this paper thinks that we should reflect on the design of overtime system in our country from the system level, precisely because the design benchmark of overtime system in our country is too high, the operation is vague, and the operation is out of order. Perfect and strict overtime system design can not be fully implemented in practice. Based on this, this paper puts forward three suggestions: first, from the state standard, improve the relevant systems, including the appropriate adjustment of the legal man-hour system, improve the social security system and the "overworked death" work injury liability identification system and so on; Second, starting from the social standard, we should reform the trade union system to ensure the independence of the funds and function of the trade union; third, from the micro point of view, we should improve the social responsibility of the employing units and respect the rights and interests of the workers. The problem of excessive overtime is not only a problem that needs to be solved and perfected in the system level, but also a social problem. To prevent and cure the problem of excessive overtime requires the efforts of the whole society.
【学位授予单位】：华东政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D922.5

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