法国违法合同无效制度探析

发布时间：2019-01-22 10:01

【摘要】：法国法上合同违法有三层含义,广义上的合同违法包括违反法律禁止性规定(最狭义违法)、违反公序以及违反良俗三种情形;前两种合并构成狭义上的合同违法。从合同要素角度看,合同违法有两种可能,即标的违法和原因违法,其中合同主体不适格被纳入到标的违法之中,合同形式违法及其效果则另外单列,惟合同形式违反公证要求时方导致合同绝对无效。标的违法又有两种情形:标的物为不可交易物与标的违反公序。原因违法则指缔约人的决定性动机不法或不道德。违法合同有两种命运:绝对无效和相对无效。二者区分的深层依据在于前者对应于总体利益受到侵害,后者则对应于私人利益受到侵害。二者区分的具体标准是:前者对应于政治公序、指令性经济公序以及善良风俗的违反,后者则对应于保护性经济公序的违反。指令性经济公序如今主要集中在竞争法方面,而保护性经济公序主要存在于消费者法、劳动法、保险法等需平衡合同双方强弱力量对比悬殊的法律部门。
[Abstract]:The contract violation in French law has three meanings. In a broad sense, the contract violation includes violating the prohibition of law (in the narrowest sense), violating the public order and violating the good customs; the former two kinds of combination constitute the contract illegal in the narrow sense. From the point of view of contract elements, there are two possibilities of illegal contract, that is, illegal subject matter and illegal cause, in which the main body of contract is included in the violation of subject matter, and the illegal form of contract and its effect are separately listed. Only when the form of contract violates the notarization requirement, the contract is absolutely void. There are two kinds of illegal object: the subject matter is non-tradable object and the object violates the public order. The reason illegality refers to the decisive motive or immorality of the contracting party. Illegal contracts have two fates: absolute invalidity and relative invalidity. The deep basis of the distinction lies in that the former corresponds to the infringement of the overall interests and the latter to the infringement of the private interests. The specific criteria of the distinction are: the former corresponds to the violation of the political public order, the directive economic public order and the good customs, while the latter corresponds to the violation of the protective economic public order. Directive economic public order mainly focuses on competition law, while protective economic public order mainly exists in consumer law, labor law, insurance law and so on.
【作者单位】：西北政法大学;
【分类号】：D956.5;DD913

【参考文献】