论商业秘密的法律保护与利益平衡

发布时间：2019-04-13 14:08

【摘要】：如果说商业信息是企业在市场经济竞争中竞相争夺的王冠,那么商业秘密无疑是璀璨王冠上镶嵌的珍珠。在信息为王的商业运营模式中,应当跳出定性之争的局限,以开放的视角承认并关注商业秘密的多元化属性。既要看到商业秘密权在增益方面的经济价值,也要看到其在减少损益方面的经济价值,既要看到商业秘密权的财产权属性,也要看到其中依附的人格权内容,从而对其价值性和实用性有全面的理解,没有必要在创设一种新的权利形式来迎合和追赶。正是因为商业秘密权的综合属性,相应的法律保护也以综合体系的形式存在和发展。关于商业秘密的各种理论相应地体现在不同的立法之中。财产法理论、合同法理论、侵权法理论、不正当竞争法理论或合理限制竞争等理论,同样不能为各种法律规定提供全面的支撑。在统一的商业秘密保护法建立之前,物权法、合同法、侵权责任法、反不正当竞争法、劳动法、刑法等不同法律中均为商业秘密提供了一定程度和范围的保护。在这种现状下,法律体系内部的互补和平衡十分必要。因此,如何辨析商业秘密的权利基础和义务来源,既要更好保护企业赖以生存和发展的原始动力,又要确保企业合理使用商业秘密,不使之成为经济发展的桎梏,则极具有现实意义。笔者认为,无论是对相关理论的梳理还是对相关利益的平衡,都应当追求相对合理主义。即在一个不尽人意的法治环境中,在多方面条件的制约下,无论是制度改革还是程序操作,都只能追求一种相对合理,不能企求尽善尽美。如果不注意实际条件和多种复杂因素的制约去追求理想化,不仅难以奏效,而且还可能破坏既成的有序状态。应该从衡平的角度就商业秘密的综合属性和法律基础进行整合,并试图从公共利益与个体利益、国家利益与企业利益、所有者利益与竞争者利益、雇员利益与雇主利益等多方之中找到一条执中之路,以在保障国民经济平稳快速增长的同时,确保市场竞争主体的积极健康发展。
[Abstract]:If the business information is the crown that enterprises compete for in the market economy competition, then the trade secret is undoubtedly the pearl embedded in the bright crown. In the information-based business operation model, we should break away from the limitation of qualitative dispute and recognize and pay attention to the pluralistic nature of trade secrets from an open point of view. We should not only see the economic value of the trade secret right in terms of gain, but also its economic value in reducing profit and loss, see not only the property right attribute of the trade secret right, but also the content of the personal right attached to it. Therefore, there is no need to create a new form of right to cater to and catch up with its value and practicality. Because of the comprehensive nature of the trade secret right, the corresponding legal protection also exists and develops in the form of a comprehensive system. Various theories on trade secrets are reflected in different legislation accordingly. Property law theory, contract law theory, tort law theory, unfair competition law theory or reasonable restriction of competition theory, can not provide a comprehensive support for all kinds of legal provisions, such as property law, contract law, tort law, unfair competition law or reasonable restriction of competition. Before the establishment of the unified trade secret protection law, the property law, contract law, tort liability law, anti-unfair competition law, labor law, criminal law and other different laws all provided a certain extent and scope of protection for trade secrets. In this situation, the complementarity and balance within the legal system is very necessary. Therefore, how to distinguish the right basis and the source of obligations of trade secrets should not only better protect the original power of survival and development of enterprises, but also ensure the rational use of trade secrets by enterprises, so that they do not become the shackles of economic development. It is of great practical significance. The author believes that the relative rationalism should be pursued both in combing the relevant theories and in balancing the related interests. That is, in an unsatisfactory environment of rule of law, under the restriction of many conditions, no matter the system reform or the procedure operation, we can only pursue a kind of relatively reasonable, not the perfect. If the idealization is pursued without paying attention to the actual conditions and the constraints of many complex factors, it is not only difficult to work, but also may destroy the existing ordered state. We should integrate the comprehensive attributes and legal basis of trade secrets from the angle of equity, and try to integrate the interests of the public and individual, the national and enterprise, the owner and the interests of competitors. In order to ensure the steady and rapid growth of the national economy and the positive and healthy development of the main body of the market competition, the employees' interests and employers' interests have been found out in order to ensure the steady and rapid growth of the national economy.
【学位授予单位】：中国社会科学院研究生院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D923;D922.294

【相似文献】