不可量物侵害判断标准研究

发布时间：2018-01-10 14:02

本文关键词：不可量物侵害判断标准研究　出处：《山东大学》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：不可量物侵害是指煤气、臭气等来自于邻地的依传统称量方式无法称量的物质侵入邻地给邻地造成的损害。我国最早对不可量物侵害问题做出规定始于2007年颁布的《物权法》第90条,因其确立时间较晚,且该条文在制度设计和具体立法内容上有明显的局限性,没有对不可量物侵害的范围、受侵害方容忍义务的限度及在何种情况下构成不可量物侵害等方面给出一个明确的判定标准,缺乏可操作性,无法很好的指导实践。本文意图借鉴德国、法国、日本、英国、美国成立不可量物侵害的判断标准,对比寻找出我国对不可量物侵害问题规定的不足之处,为完善我国不可量物侵害制度提出一些自己的思考。本文内容主要分五个部分,前面着重研究德国、法国、日本、英国、美国对不可量物侵害判断标准的规定。因为不同的国家,其立法传统与立法理念也不相同,因此在解决不可量物侵害问题时不同国家采用的方法也不相同。德国.以物权法为中心单独建立了“不可量物侵害制度”,并以相邻权为基础进行规制；法国通过判例与学说的探索发展确立了“近邻妨害”责任,将不可量物侵害制度在侵权行为中构建,要求判断成立不可量物侵害的唯一实质性要件是不可量物侵入给邻人造成了过度的损害；日本民法也未对不可量物侵害做出规定,也是通过判例学说的发展形成了规范新型相邻关系问题的“日照妨害”制度,并以“忍受限度论”作为判断不可量物侵害成立的判断标准；英美两国则以私人侵扰制度规制不可量物侵害问题,其采用的多元化标准对判断不可量物侵害成立与否有着十分重要的意义。文章最后介绍我国规制不可量物侵害问题的现状,指出《物权法》第90条对不可量物侵害的判断标准呈现出一种环保主义色彩,缺乏实际可操作性。然后评析了我国法律在处理不可量物侵害问题时存在的不足之处,提出在借鉴国外立法、判例及学说的基础上,应以相邻权为基础单独构建我国的不可量物侵害制度,将不可量物侵害的相关问题明确的以法律条文的形式呈现出来,并指出条文中具体应包括不可量物的概念、不可量物侵害的范围、容忍义务的含义及限定以及对不可量物侵害的法律救济等,笔者认为,以法律明文规定的形式可以更好的指导司法实践。在判断不可量物侵害成立标准时,笔者认为应将损害的过度性作为唯一的实质性标准,并提出应综合考量各种相关因素的完善建议。因不可量物侵害造成精神妨害的情况下,当事人可以同时适用物权请求权与侵权请求权保护自己的合法权益。
[Abstract]:Non-measurable damage refers to gas. Odor and other substances that cannot be weighed according to the traditional way of weighing caused damage to neighboring land. Our country's earliest regulation on the problem of immeasurable damage began with the promulgation of the "property Law" in 2007. 0. Because of its late establishment time, and the provisions in the system design and specific legislative content has obvious limitations, there is no scope of immeasurable damage. The limits of the tolerance obligation of the aggrieved party and the circumstances that constitute the incalculable material infringement are given a clear criterion, which is lack of maneuverability and can not guide the practice very well. This paper intends to draw lessons from Germany and France. Japan, the United Kingdom, the United States set up the incalculable material infringement judgment standard, compared to find out the inadequacies of our country to the problem of immeasurable material damage. In order to improve the system of immeasurable material infringement in our country, this paper is mainly divided into five parts, which focus on Germany, France, Japan and Britain. In the United States, the criterion of immeasurable infringement is stipulated. Because of different countries, their legislative tradition and legislative idea are also different. Therefore, the methods adopted by different countries in solving the problem of immeasurable infringement are different. Germany, taking the property law as the center, establishes separately the "immeasurable property infringement system", which is regulated on the basis of neighboring rights; Through the exploration and development of jurisprudence and doctrine, France established the responsibility of "obstruction by the nearest neighbor", and set up the system of immeasurable infringement in the tort. The only substantial requirement to judge the establishment of immeasurable material infringement is that the immeasurable material invasion causes excessive damage to the neighbor; The Japanese civil law has not made the stipulation to the immeasurable material infringement, also through the development of the theory of the case law, has formed the "sunshine hindrance" system which standardizes the new adjacent relation question. And take "tolerance limit theory" as the judgment standard to judge the incalculable material infringement; The United States and the United States use the private intrusive system to regulate the problem of immeasurable material infringement. The pluralistic standard is very important to judge the establishment of immeasurable material infringement. Finally, the article introduces the current situation of the regulation of immeasurable material infringement in our country. It is pointed out that Article 90 of the Real right Law shows a kind of environmentalism in judging the immeasurable material infringement. Lack of practical maneuverability. Then this paper analyzes the shortcomings of Chinese law in dealing with the problem of incalculable material infringement, and puts forward the basis of drawing lessons from foreign legislation, jurisprudence and theory. We should separately construct the system of immeasurable infringement on the basis of adjacent rights, and present the related problems of immeasurable infringement in the form of legal provisions. It also points out that the article should include the concept of immeasurable material, the scope of immeasurable material infringement, the meaning and limitation of tolerance obligation, and the legal remedy for immeasurable material infringement. In the form of explicit provisions of the law can better guide judicial practice. In the judgment of the incalculable infringement of the establishment of the standard, the author believes that the damage of excessive as the only substantive standard. In the case of mental disturbance caused by immeasurable damage, the parties may apply both the right to claim in real right and the right to claim for infringement to protect their legitimate rights and interests.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：D923

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