我国特留份制度构建之研究

发布时间：2018-01-10 18:25

本文关键词：我国特留份制度构建之研究　出处：《上海师范大学》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：特留份制度是指被继承人依遗嘱自由处分个人财产时,依法应当为法定继承人保留一定的份额。该制度通过限制遗嘱自由和保护法定继承人的继承权益,对养老育幼和维护家庭与社会稳定上发挥着积极作用。我国至今仍未确立特留份制度,仅仅在1985年相继颁布《中华人民共和国继承法》第19条和《最高人民法院关于贯彻执行中华人民共和国继承法若干问题的意见》第37条中规定了所谓的“必留份制度”,必留份制度为法官在审理遗嘱继承纠纷的案件提供了相应的法律依据,在调整家庭成员之间的继承法律关系上有着积极意义。随着我国经济社会的发展,家庭财富日益丰富,婚姻家庭观念也同样随之产生巨大转变；遗嘱继承纠纷的案件在生活中不断涌现,同时法院在司法审判当中面临着滥用遗嘱自由原则的新情况、新问题,而继承立法对遗嘱自由限制的落后致使民事审判面临法律、伦理道德两难选择的尴尬境地。因此有必要弥补我国现有继承法中对限制遗嘱自由方面的不足。大陆法系和英美法系国家,特留份是一种限制遗嘱自由的重要法律制度,在调整法定继承人的继承利益以及被继承人的遗嘱自由之间的矛盾上有着重要作用,是各国普遍接纳的一种法律制度,因此对解决我国目前所面临的继承问题具有积极的借鉴意义。在本篇论文之中,笔者运用了规范学分析、历史学分析以及比较学分析等方法,在借鉴他国立法经验的基础上,对特留份制度引入我国大陆地区的可操作性进行综合分析；并结合我国的必留份制度,对构建符合我国国情的特留份制度提出自己的建议。具体来说就是,协调好特留份制度与必留份制度的关系,明确权利主体范围和顺序,划份特留份份额,厘清特留份的计算基础和扣减,补充特留份权利的放弃与丧失机制。
[Abstract]:Legitim system refers to the decedent testamentary freedom to dispose of personal property, should retain a certain share of legal heirs in accordance with the law. The system of limiting freedom of testation and protect the legal rights and interests through inheritance, plays an active role in old-age child care and maintenance of family and social stability of our country has not yet been established. Legitim system, only in 1985 promulgated "People's Republic of China inheritance law > nineteenth and < the Supreme People's Court on the implementation of views > thirty-seventh issues of People's Republic of China's law of inheritance in the provisions of the so-called" forced heirship system ", will leave a system which provides a legal basis for the judge in the trial of the corresponding inheritance disputes the case, in the adjustment of family succession legal relationship has a positive significance. As China's economic and social development, family wealth, marriage and family The concept also produced tremendous change; inheritance disputes cases continue to emerge in the life, at the same time, the court in the judicial trial is facing the new situation, the abuse of the new testament freedom principle, and inheritance law restrictions on freedom of the will backwardnes civil trial facing legal, ethical and moral embarrassment. So there is a dilemma necessary to compensate for the lack of restrictions on freedom of testament of our current inheritance law. Civil law and common law countries, legitim is an important legal system to limit the freedom of Testament, adjustments in the statutory inheritance and the contradiction between the interests of the decedent's free will play an important role, is a the legal system generally accepted in many countries, it has positive significance to solve problem of inheritance in China. In this dissertation, the author applies the specification Analysis, historical analysis and comparative analysis methods, based on the legislative experience of other countries, the legitim system introduced in mainland China can be a comprehensive analysis of the operation; and combined with our country's necessary heirship system, to construct our country "s legitim system put forward their own recommendations. Specifically, coordinate the relationship of legitim system and forced heirship system, clear the scope of the subject of rights and order, classified legitim share, clarify the calculation basis of legitim and deduction, abandon and loss mechanism of legitim right.

【学位授予单位】：上海师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：D923.5

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