论生前预嘱及其在我国的立法建议

发布时间：2018-01-10 18:32

本文关键词：论生前预嘱及其在我国的立法建议　出处：《重庆大学》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：生前预嘱是指人们在事先,也就是意识清楚时签署的,在不可治愈的伤病末期或者临终时是否采用生命支持手段的一种预先医疗指示文书,其来源于社会对于尊严死的探讨。生前预嘱作为一种合理的医疗意愿表达方式,其与预先医疗指令,指令性预先医疗指令存在着差别和联系。生前预嘱保护了在面临死亡但无表意能力的患者的知情同意权,是对患者的人道主义,也能够促进医疗资源的合理分配,更符合现代医学伦理,从20世纪70年代开始,从美洲的美国到欧洲的德国、奥地利、英国,再到亚洲的新加坡、中国香港和台湾,在相关的法律文件中都赋予了生前预嘱法律效力。现阶段生前预嘱在我国还是一个比较新的概念,在立法上也是处于空白状态,还不具备法律效力,目前“生前预嘱推广协会”致力于我国的生前预嘱推广工作,已经收到医疗界和法律界人士的认可,也有人大代表和政协委员努力将生前预嘱推向国家立法层面,在民间的一些医院,也开始了生前预嘱的探索与实践,但由于我国固有的生死观以及亲情孝道观的桎梏,医疗水平发展的不平衡,以及理论研究的滞后,使得生前预嘱在我国的推广存在困难。因此在我国加强死亡教育改变人们的生死观,普及舒缓医疗为生前预嘱的签署着提供一个新的医疗选择显得十分必要,并且医疗现状决定了于我国的生前预嘱立法则不能操之过急,需要循序渐进。对于生前预嘱的立法,是本文主要探讨的,本文从生前预嘱的做成、生效、保存、撤销以及侵权责任这5个方面对我国的生前预嘱提出立法建议。
[Abstract]:Living wills are an instrument of advance medical instructions that people sign in advance, that is, when they are conscious, whether life support is used at the end of an incurable injury or at the end of death. Living wills as a reasonable expression of medical will, and pre-medical instructions. Living wills protect the informed consent of patients who are facing death but have no capacity to express, and it is humanitarianism for patients. It can also promote the rational distribution of medical resources, more in line with modern medical ethics, from 1970s, from the United States of America to Europe, Germany, Austria, the United Kingdom, and then to Singapore in Asia. Hong Kong and Taiwan, China, in the relevant legal documents have given legal effect of living wills. At this stage, living wills in China is a relatively new concept, in the legislation is also in a blank state. At present, the living wills Promotion Association is committed to the work of living wills promotion in our country, and has been recognized by medical and legal professionals. There are also people's Congress deputies and CPPCC members to promote living wills to the national legislative level, in some private hospitals, also began the exploration and practice of living wills. However, because of the inherent life and death view and the shackles of filial piety, the imbalance of medical level development, and the lagging of theoretical research. It is difficult to popularize living wills in our country. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen death education in our country to change people's outlook on life and death, and to popularize soothing medical treatment to provide a new medical choice for the signing of living wills. And the current medical situation determines that the legislation of living wills in our country can not be done too hastily, need to be gradual. For the legislation of living wills, is mainly discussed in this paper, from the living wills made, effective, preserved. Revocation and tort liability of the five aspects of our living wills to put forward legislative recommendations.
【学位授予单位】：重庆大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：D923.5

【参考文献】