论“第三人侵权”案件中学校的补充责任

发布时间：2018-01-14 13:44

本文关键词：论“第三人侵权”案件中学校的补充责任　出处：《中国政法大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：近年来,“第三人侵权”案件频繁发生,引起了家长的焦虑、恐慌及社会的普遍关注。在这些案件中,关于学校承担责任的具体情形和所应承担的责任形态,众说纷纭。《中华人民共和国侵权责任法》(以下简称《侵权责任法》)明确的规定了第三人侵权致学生损害时,学校等教育机构承担补充责任。但由于侵权补充责任的立法尚处于起步阶段,对补充责任的理论研究还比较薄弱,学界在受害人的赔偿请求顺位、补充责任人的赔偿范围、是否存在追偿权及追偿范围等问题上存在争议。因此,笔者以“第三人侵权”案件为切入点,运用实证分析、比较研究、理论与实践相结合等方法,从概念界定、司法现状、法理依据、归责原则等多方面对其进行论述,以期对校园侵权补充责任进行一个粗浅的梳理与分析。除引言和结论外,本文共分依次推进的四个部分。第一部分,旨在提出问题,以频发的校园侵权案件为切入点,对“第三人侵权”案件的相关概念进行界定,并通过梳理我国现行法律法规中关于学校补充责任的规定,明确侵权补充责任的含义。第二部分,通过查阅、整理近几年“第三人侵权”案件相关判例,梳理具有争议的热点和焦点,从审判依据、被告的确定、举证责任的分配、归责原则及学校过错的判定标准这四个方面对“第三人侵权”案件中学校补充责任的司法现状进行考察,找出司法实践中存在的难点与问题。第三部分,以学校违反安全保障义务的角度对学校承担补充责任的法理依据进行分析,重点探讨学校安全保障义务的内容及其认定标准,分析学校承担补充责任的性质。第四部分,从立法目的和学校承担补充责任的可行性分析着手,对“相应的补充责任”的适用进行具体、深入的思考,重点分析了补充责任与按份责任、连带责任及不真正连带责任的区别,同时在补充责任的赔偿顺位、赔偿范围及补充责任人的追偿权方面提出自己的见解,即在“第三人侵权”案件中,首先由直接侵权人承担全部责任,在直接责任人不明或者没有能力全部承担责任时,学校依据自身过错大小承担相应的补充责任,并主张补充责任人不享有追偿权。
[Abstract]:In recent years, "third party infringement" cases occur frequently, causing anxiety, panic and general concern of the society. In these cases, the specific situation of school responsibility and the form of responsibility should be taken up. The tort liability law of the people's Republic of China (hereinafter referred to as the Tort liability Law) clearly provides for the damage caused by the infringement of the third party to the students. Schools and other educational institutions undertake supplementary liability. However, due to the tort supplementary liability legislation is still in its infancy, the theoretical study of supplementary liability is still relatively weak, the academic community in the victim's claim ranking. The scope of compensation for the supplementary liability, whether there is a right of recourse and the scope of recovery is controversial. Therefore, the author takes the case of "third party infringement" as the starting point, using empirical analysis, comparative study. The combination of theory and practice, from the definition of the concept, judicial status, legal basis, the principle of imputation and other aspects of the discussion. In addition to the introduction and conclusion, this paper is divided into four parts. The first part is to raise questions. With the frequent campus tort cases as the starting point, the concept of "third party infringement" cases is defined, and through combing the current laws and regulations on the school supplementary liability provisions. Clear the meaning of supplementary liability for tort. The second part, through consulting, sorting out the "third party tort" cases related cases in recent years, combing the controversial hot spots and focus, from the trial basis, the determination of the accused. The distribution of burden of proof, the principle of imputation and the judgment standard of school fault are four aspects to investigate the judicial status of school supplementary responsibility in the case of "third party tort". Find out the difficulties and problems in the judicial practice. The third part analyzes the legal basis of the school to assume the supplementary responsibility from the angle of the school violating the duty of safety and security. Focus on the content of school safety and security obligations and the identification of standards, analysis of the nature of supplementary responsibility of schools. Part 4th, from the legislative purpose and the feasibility of the school to undertake supplementary responsibility analysis. The application of "corresponding supplementary liability" is considered concretely and deeply, and the difference between supplementary liability and shared liability, joint liability and unreal joint liability is analyzed, and the compensation order of supplementary liability is also given. The scope of compensation and supplementary liability of the right of recourse to put forward their own views, that is, in the "third party infringement" case, the first direct infringer to bear the full responsibility. When the direct responsible person is unknown or unable to take full responsibility, the school assumes the corresponding supplementary responsibility according to its own fault, and claims that the supplementary responsible person does not enjoy the right of recourse.
【学位授予单位】：中国政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D923

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