网络语言暴力侵权责任构成分析

发布时间：2018-01-14 18:07

本文关键词：网络语言暴力侵权责任构成分析　出处：《天津商业大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：信息网络的发展给人们的生活带来诸多好处,其中之一极大地拓宽了人们的话语权,人们可以在网络社会畅所欲言,只需要几分钟的注册,就可以在类似于微博这样的网络平台留言、评论、转发,也可以在各种网络日志上或者聊天软件上发表自己对于某件事情的看法;但是互联网是一把双刃剑,在话语权不受限的网络社会滋生出了网络语言暴力侵权。近几年,网络语言暴力侵权事件层出不穷,从普通人到娱乐明星、从平民百姓到政府官员几乎都会受到网络语言暴力的侵害,随便一句话、一张图片、一个新闻都都可能蝴蝶效应般的引发大规模的网络语言暴力侵权,因此越来越多的人感叹网络上的唳气太重。网络语言暴力给被侵权人带来的伤害也从线上慢慢发展到了线下,在网络遭受到辱骂、谣言甚至人肉搜索的被侵权人往往在现实生活中的名誉权、隐私权都会遭到损害,而且被侵权人的财产权利也会受到不同程度的损害,一些网络语言暴力的被侵权人甚至会因为精神上不堪压力而选择自杀,这样的案例并不在少数。为了可以进一步规范网络语言,净化网络语言,本文将对网络语言侵权责任构成作一个分析,因为只有认清网络语言暴力侵权的构成要素才可以进一步对症下药的对网络语言暴力行为进行有力的监管和有效的引导。本文首先从国内国外的四个关于语言暴力的案例展开对网络语言暴力侵权责任的构成进行分析。这四个案例分别代表了人肉搜索、辱骂、谣言等网络语言暴力侵权行为的类型,通过具体的案例分析得出网络语言暴力侵权的概念以及网络语言暴力的根源在于网络本身的无门槛性、匿名性;而且网络本身对于信息的巨大储存性,也使得在网络上的语言暴力对被侵权人的伤害远大于在现实社会的遭受到语言暴力的伤害。其次,本文将网络语言暴力侵权行为与现实社会中的一般侵权行为进行对比分析,得出网络语言暴力侵权行为的构成要件是对一般侵权行为的扩张,证明网络语言暴力有单独拿出来讨论的必要。在这一部分还将探讨网络社会的两大主体—网络用户和网络服务提供者各自不同的网络语言暴力侵权行为:网络用户的语言暴力行为主要的是作为行为,主要包括使用带有人身攻击性质的词汇、诽谤和传播谣言以及人肉搜索;网络服务提供者的侵权行为主要是没有及时采取删除不适当的言论、封锁相关账号等行为,是一种不作为侵权。因为网络语言暴力的侵权行为人总是以言论自由为自己开脱,因此区分言论自由与语言暴力就显得非常必要,本文认为语言暴力与言论自由区分的核心并不在与是否使用不得体的语言,而在于讨论的对象。只要是针对公共事务的讨论则属于言论自由,针对公众人物的讨论在一定范围里属于言论自由,而针对非公共事务,非公众人物的不适当的留言、评论则构成语言暴力侵权。再次将分析网络语言暴力侵权行为的归责原则。侵权归责原则是侵权责任法的核心。对于网络用户,因为其是网络语言暴力侵权行为的主要实施者,因此应当适用最为严格的过错原则;对于网络服务提供者,本文认为对网络服务提供者同样适用过错责任原则,这里过错并不是指没有对网络用户的言论进行一一审查,毕竟网络上的海量信息确定了网络服务提供者不可能做到事先去监管网络语言环境,这里的过错主要指网络用户在明知或者应知存在网络语言暴力侵权行为的情况下,没有在合理时间内采取必要措施以减少网络语言暴力侵权行为对被侵权人造成进一步的损害。最后本文将分析网络语言暴力侵权行为的损害后果和因果关系。目前学术界的主流观点是网络语言暴力侵权行为的损害范围仅仅是非物质性的损害后果,但本文认为在网络社会与现实社会联系的越来越来紧密的如今网络语言暴力侵权行为的损害后果完全可能造成被侵权人的物质性损害。对于网络语言暴力侵权行为的因果关系应当适用相当因果关系理论。网络语言暴力产生的恶劣影响愈来愈严重,已经有许多国家采取了法律手段或者行政手段来监管网络语言环境。为净化网络语言环境,有效控制网络语言暴力行为,我国也接连出台了相关的法律法规,当然,在消除网络语言暴力侵权行为的路上,一方面需要法律的有效规制,另一方面提升网络用户的道德素质、提高网络用户分辨事物的能力也不可或缺,两者是相辅相成的。
[Abstract]:The development of information network has brought many benefits to people's life, the most greatly broaden people's right to speak, people can speak freely in the network society, only a few minutes to register, you can in such a network similar to the micro-blog platform message, comment, forwarding, or chat can also express their views for something the software in a variety of Web log; but the Internet is a double-edged sword, in the discourse of unrestricted network society breeds violence tort of network language. In recent years, the network language violence violations have emerged, from the ordinary to the entertainment star, from civilians to government officials will be almost the network language violence, just a word, a picture, a news are likely to trigger large-scale network language violence tort like the butterfly effect, so more and more people sigh net The complex gas Li is too heavy. Network language violence to the infringee bring harm to the development of the line from the line slowly, in the network suffered abuse, rumors and even human flesh search by the infringer often right of reputation in real life, the right of privacy will be damaged, and the infringee property right will be subject to different degrees of damage, some network language violence has been infringed even because of unbearable pressure on the spirit of this choice Dutch act, and a few cases. In order to further standardize the network language, the network language purification, which make an analysis of the language network tort liability, because only a clear understanding of the network language violent elements of tort can be further carried an antidote against the disease strong supervision and effective guidance to the network language violence. This paper from the domestic and foreign language on the four The case of violence which constitutes the network language violence tort liability are analyzed. These four cases represent human flesh search, abuse, rumors and other types of network language violence tort, through the analysis of specific cases that cause network language violence the concept of tort and the network language violence is no threshold, the network itself anonymous; but the network itself for huge storage of information, but also makes on the network language violence has been infringed more harm than in reality by language violence. Secondly, this paper will analyze the general tort of network language violence tort and the social reality of the elements of the network the language of violence tort is of general tort expansion, proved that network language violence has a separate discussion in this part. Will discuss the two main network of social network users and network service providers of different network language violence tort: language violence of network users is the main act, including the use of a personal vocabulary, slander and rumors spread and search; Internet service providers tort is mainly not timely delete inappropriate remarks, blocking the account and other acts, is not as a tort. Because the infringement of network language violence is freedom of speech to absolve itself, so it is necessary to distinguish between freedom of speech and language violence, this paper argues that the core language of violence and freedom of speech does not distinguish in and whether improper use of language, which is the object of discussion. As long as the discussion on public affairs belongs to the freedom of speech, for the public Character discussion belongs to the freedom of speech in a certain range, and for non public affairs, inappropriate message public figure, comments constitute language violence tort. The imputation principle again will analyze the network language violence tort. The tort imputation principle is the core of the tort liability law. For network users, mainly because of the implementation of the network language violence tort, it shall apply the principle of fault strictly; for network service providers, this paper argues that the network service provider applies the principle of fault liability, this does not mean there is no fault of the network user comments one by one review, after all, massive information on the network to determine the network service provider may be prior to the supervision of the network language environment, fault here mainly refers to the network users should know the existence of network copyright infringement in the language of violence or knowingly For the case, did not take the necessary measures within a reasonable period of time to reduce the network language violence tort for infringement of any further damage. Finally, this paper will analyze the network language violence tort damages and the causation. The current mainstream view of academia is the network language violence tort damage range is only intangible the consequences of the damage, but the links in the network society and real society more closely now network language violence tort damages caused by possible material loss of the infringer harm. For the causal network language violence tort should apply the causality theory. The bad influence of network language violence more and more serious, many countries have taken legal means or administrative means to monitor the network language to purify the environment. The network language environment, effectively control the violence of network language, our country also introduced a series of laws and regulations related, of course, on the way to eliminate the network language violence tort, a need for effective legal regulation, on the other hand, enhance the user network moral quality, improve the ability of network users to distinguish things are indispensable, they are complement each other.

【学位授予单位】：天津商业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D923

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