未成年受害人过失相抵相关问题研究

发布时间：2018-01-14 19:13

本文关键词：未成年受害人过失相抵相关问题研究　出处：《山东大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：过失相抵中受害人客观上与加害人之间具有“多因一果”且损害结果具有不可分割性的因果关系；主观上具有“疏漏”,此种“过失”区别于侵权责任中加害人对一般注意义务违反的“过失”。过失相抵因果关系的特殊性决定了受害人承担部分责任的实质是比例责任；过失相抵中受害人“过失”的特殊性,决定了未成年人在过失相抵中具有以事理辨识能力为标准的过失相抵能力,此区别于侵权责任中加害人的责任能力。司法实践中法官往往把被监护人作为“危险源”,同时认为被监护人不具有认识行为危险性的能力,想当然的认为如果受害人是具有认识能力的一般行为人即可免遭伤害,因而认定被监护人具有主观上的“疏漏”。而被监护人由于缺乏责任能力,故加害人减轻部分的责任转嫁给监护人,推定监护人具有监护过失并将监护过失全部以“受害人一方”的过失适用过失相抵。此时法官实质上以监护人是否全身心的投入避免被监护人受他人侵害,作为是否尽到监护责任的标准,此种做法是对监护人的苛责,实际上监护人也不可能做到；同时相当一部分案件中,被监护人不具有完全行为能力的保护事由,实则通过监护人过失适用过失相抵,转嫁给了被监护人,且在监护内部未考量监护人和被监护人的责任分担。因而,在未成年受害人过失相抵案件中,借鉴《侵权责任法》32条区分监护内部和外部过失认定,衡平监护外部监护关系当事人与第三人责任分担和监护内部监护人与被监护人责任分担。
[Abstract]:On the basis of the particularity of the victim ' s " negligence " in the tort liability , it is believed that the guardian has the ability to take part of the responsibility . In the meantime , if the guardian does not have the ability to recognize the responsibility , it is believed that the guardian has a subjective " omission " . In the meantime , if the guardian does not have the ability to recognize the responsibility , it is believed that if the guardian does not have the ability to meet the responsibility of guardianship , it is believed that if the guardian does not have the ability to realize the responsibility of guardianship , it is believed that if the guardian does not have the ability to realize the responsibility of guardianship , it is believed that if the guardian does not have the ability to realize the responsibility of guardianship , it is believed that if the guardian does not have the ability to realize the responsibility of guardianship , it is believed that if the guardian does not have the ability to realize the responsibility of guardianship , it is believed that if the guardian does not have the ability to realize the responsibility of guardianship , it is believed that if the guardian does not have the ability to realize the responsibility of guardianship , it is believed that if the guardian does not have the ability to realize the responsibility of guardianship , it is the responsibility of the guardian to share and monitor the responsibility of the person in charge of the external monitoring relationship with the third party .

【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D923

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