地下挖掘致害责任探析

发布时间：2018-01-15 22:31

本文关键词：地下挖掘致害责任探析　出处：《西南政法大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：近年来,人们通过地下挖掘行为解决空间拥挤、资源短缺等问题的同时,也引发了大量的侵权事件。为加强从事地下挖掘行为的经营者的责任,《侵权责任法》规定了地下挖掘致害责任这一新型高度危险责任。本文结合相关文献资料对地下挖掘致害责任进行研究与探讨,并提出自己的看法,希望能对地下挖掘致害责任制度的完善有所助益。本文主要分为以下五部分:第一部分是地下挖掘行为的定义及责任主体。由于我国法律法规并未对地下挖掘行为进行界定,因此本文在分析工程学上相关概念及方法的基础上,认为《侵权责任法》第73条中所谓的地下挖掘行为是指地下工程的一种施工活动,即在非露天的环境下掘进矿井、构筑坑道、挖掘隧道、构筑地铁等具有高度危险的施工活动。此外,本章还将地下挖掘的责任主体限定为施工单位。第二部分是地下挖掘行为构成高度危险作业之法理基础。本章通过比较法考察,总结出高度危险作业的界定标准,即:作业本身具有高度的危险性、作业对周围环境具有高度危险性、损害的难以控制性,从而论证地下挖掘行为属于高度危险作业。第三部分是地下挖掘致害责任的构成。本章结合学界的不同观点以及地下挖掘侵权本身的特殊性,论述了地下挖掘致害责任的构成要件即:经营者实施了地下挖掘行为、造成他人损害、侵权行为与损害后果之间存在因果关系。第四部分是地下挖掘致害责任的承担。本章重点论述了地下挖掘致害责任的承担问题,明确了仅对经营者及工作人员以外的他人承担侵权责任,同时还对地下挖掘致害责任中包括不可抗力、受害人故意、过失相抵等抗辩事由的具体适用提出了个人的看法。第五部分是对地下挖掘致害责任中受害人救济制度的完善。文章的最后分析了行政主导救济模式处理地下挖掘事故的利弊,建议引入惩罚性赔偿制度及强制责任保险制度,确立司法主导的多元化救济体系。
[Abstract]:In recent years, people solve the problems of space congestion and resource shortage through underground excavation behavior, but also lead to a large number of tort incidents. In order to strengthen the responsibility of operators engaged in underground excavation behavior. The Law of Tort liability stipulates the liability of damage caused by underground excavation, which is a new type of high risk liability. This paper studies and discusses the liability of damage caused by underground excavation in combination with relevant literature, and puts forward its own views. It is hoped that this paper will be helpful to the perfection of the liability system for damage caused by underground excavation. This paper is divided into the following five parts:. The first part is the definition of underground excavation behavior and the subject of responsibility, because the laws and regulations of our country do not define the underground excavation behavior. Therefore, based on the analysis of the related concepts and methods in engineering, this paper considers that the so-called underground excavation behavior in Article 73 of the Tort liability Law refers to a kind of construction activity of underground engineering. That is, in the non-open-air environment to dig into the mine, build tunnels, excavate tunnels, build subway and other highly dangerous construction activities. This chapter also limits the responsibility of underground excavation to construction units. The second part is the legal basis of the behavior of underground excavation to constitute a highly dangerous operation. The definition standard of highly dangerous operation is summarized, that is, the operation itself is highly dangerous, the work is highly dangerous to the surrounding environment, and the damage is difficult to control. In order to prove that underground excavation behavior is highly dangerous operation. The third part is the composition of the damage responsibility of underground excavation. This chapter combines different views of the academic community and the particularity of the infringement of underground excavation. This paper discusses the constitutive elements of the liability for damage caused by underground excavation, that is, the operator carries out the underground excavation behavior and causes damage to others. There is a causal relationship between tort and damage consequences. Part 4th is the bearing of the liability for damage caused by underground excavation. This chapter focuses on the bearing of liability for damage caused by underground excavation. It is clear that only the operator and other people other than the staff to assume tort liability, but also the underground excavation damage liability including force majeure, the victim intentionally. Part 5th is the perfection of victim relief system in the liability of underground excavation. Finally, the article analyzes the administrative leading relief mode to deal with underground excavation. The pros and cons of an accident. It is suggested that punitive damages system and compulsory liability insurance system should be introduced to establish a diversified relief system led by judicature.
【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D923

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