论《民法通则》对我国民法典化进程的意义

发布时间：2018-01-16 05:19

本文关键词：论《民法通则》对我国民法典化进程的意义　出处：《安徽大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：民法是调整平等的民事主体从事民事活动中发生的财产关系和人身关系的法律规范的总和,是人类在长期的共同生活中总结出来的涉及财产关系和人身关系的基本法律规范。民法在学术界被称作“万法之母”,其对于建设法治国家的重要意义不亚于宪法,在大陆法系国家,更是作为大陆法系的精髓,占据着核心地位。而法典化是世界民法的发展趋势,是民法自身发展和社会经济生活发展的需要,其中,1804年公布实施的法国民法典是一部典型的近代民法典,是第一部资本主义国家和以资本主义制度为基础的民法典。1896年制定的德国民法典,是继法国民法典之后第二部重要的民法典,在内容上超越了自由资本主义时期的法律原则的范围,在一定程度上适应了垄断资本主义的需要。1907年颁布的瑞士民法典,实施民商分立制度,又开辟了民事立法的一条新路。这些都为我国制定民法典提供了重要启示和实践经验。党的十八届四中全会《中共中央关于全面推进依法治国若干重大问题的决定》中提出编纂民法典,民法典的制定和颁行是实行依法治国、完善社会主义市场经济法律体系的重要标志,也是中国法治现代化的具体表现,更是开启了公民权利保护的新篇章。新中国建立以后,我们在废除“六法”的基础上,从一片空白的基础上开展民事立法,先后三次启动民法典的起草工作,都因条件和时机不成熟而搁置。1986年颁布的《民法通则》带有明显的过渡性质,它是从分散的民事单行法走向系统、完整的民法典的一个中间环节。我国学者也经常将《民法通则》视为“准民法典”、“民法典的简明版”。可见《民法通则》体现了很多民法典的特征和内涵,也必然为编纂民法典提供了宝贵的经验和实践的借鉴。本文以《民法通则》对我国民法典化进程的意义为研究对象,在借鉴国外先进的立法经验和立法理念的基础上,笔者提出一些建设性的意见。本文分四部分：第一部分,从阐述我国的民法典化的发展历程入手,回顾了新中国民法典的起草过程以及在民法典起草过程中诞生的民法典理论,简要介绍了现行以《民法通则》为基本法的民法体系。第二部分,比较分析国外民法典化进程及其成果,重点研究了德国、法国、瑞士民法典立法现状,提出了民法典应具有本土化特点、既要具有现实性又要有超前性、体系结构应科学严谨等可供我国借鉴的经验。第三、四部分,重点系统剖析《民法通则》的颁布实施在民法典化进程中的奠定社会基础和法律基础,进一步从外来民法典的继受、外来民法典的本土化、民法理论系统化和现有民法典的处理等方面就如何编制我国民法典进行了有益思考,仅愿引起专家和学者的关注和深入研究。
[Abstract]:Civil law is the sum of the legal norms regulating the property and personal relations that occur in the civil activities of equal civil subjects. Civil law is the basic legal norm relating to property and personal relations, which is summed up in the long-term common life of human beings. Civil law is called "the mother of all laws" in academic circles. Its importance to the construction of a country ruled by law is no less important than the constitution, in the civil law countries, but also as the essence of the continental law system, occupies the core position, and codification is the development trend of the world civil law. It is the need of the development of civil law and the development of social and economic life. The French Civil Code published in 1804 is a typical modern civil code. It is the first capitalist country and the civil code based on the capitalist system. In 1896, the German Civil Code was drawn up, and the second important Civil Code after the French Civil Code. In content beyond the scope of the legal principles of the period of free capitalism, to a certain extent adapted to the needs of monopoly capitalism. 1907 promulgated the Swiss Civil Code, the implementation of the system of separation of civil and commercial. It also opens up a new road for civil legislation. All these provide important enlightenment and practical experience for the formulation of civil code in China. Resolution of the fourth Plenary session of the 18 CPC Central Committee on promoting the Rule of Law in an All-round way. The codification of the civil code is proposed in the book. The formulation and enactment of the Civil Code is an important symbol of administering the country according to law and perfecting the legal system of the socialist market economy, as well as a concrete manifestation of the modernization of the rule of law in China. It also opens a new chapter in the protection of civil rights. After the establishment of New China, we carried out civil legislation on the basis of abolishing the "six laws" and started the drafting of the Civil Code three times in succession. In 1986, the General principles of Civil Law was promulgated with an obvious transitional nature, it is from a decentralized civil law to the system. Chinese scholars often regard the General principles of Civil Law as "quasi-civil code" and "concise version of civil code". It can be seen that "General principles of Civil Law" embodies the characteristics and connotation of many civil codes. It must also provide valuable experience and practical reference for the codification of the Civil Code. This paper focuses on the significance of the General principles of Civil Law to the process of civil code in China. On the basis of foreign advanced legislative experience and legislative ideas, the author puts forward some constructive suggestions. This paper is divided into four parts: the first part, from the elaboration of the development of China's civil law process. This paper reviews the drafting process of the Civil Code of New China and the theory of the Civil Code which was born in the drafting process of the Civil Code, and briefly introduces the current civil law system with the General principles of Civil Law as the basic law. Part two. This paper makes a comparative analysis of the process and achievements of the civil code in foreign countries, focuses on the legislative status of the German, French and Swiss civil codes, and points out that the civil code should have the characteristics of localization, which should be both realistic and forward. The system structure should be scientific and rigorous for our experience. The third and fourth parts focus on the systematic analysis of the promulgation of "General principles of Civil Law" in the process of civil law laid a social and legal basis. From the following aspects of the foreign civil code, the localization of the foreign civil code, the systematization of the civil law theory and the treatment of the existing civil code, this paper gives some useful thoughts on how to draw up the civil code of our country. Only experts and scholars would like to attract attention and in-depth research.
【学位授予单位】：安徽大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D923

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