缔约过失责任若干问题研究

发布时间：2018-01-16 06:43

本文关键词：缔约过失责任若干问题研究　出处：《吉林大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：缔约过失责任起源于罗马法，由德国著名法学家耶林于1861年首次提出，它推翻了“无合同即无责任”的绝对合同责任理论，扩大了契约责任的适用范围，并逐渐被各个国家的立法和判例所采纳。无论是在大陆法系国家还是在英美法系国家，都不同程度地受到该理论的影响，并随着立法和判例的不断发展进步逐步系统化。尽管如此，学术界对于缔约过失责任理论的若干问题仍存有争议，基于完善我国民事责任体系的动机，本文通过对学术界最新观点的研究，对缔约过失责任的若干理论问题进行了探讨。本文由五部分构成：第一部分论述了缔约过失责任的历史源流和法理基础。本部分追溯至罗马法，详细阐述了缔约过失责任的产生以及在两大法系的发展；并通过对相关学说的系统分析，最终确立了诚实信用原则为缔约过失责任的法理基础。第二部分论述了缔约过失责任的概念、法律特征和构成要件。综合多位学者的观点，将缔约过失责任表述为：缔约人在缔结合同的过程中，因故意或过失违反诚实信用原则而产生的先合同义务，造成缔约相对人的损害，依法应承担的民事责任。在此基础上，对缔约过失责任的法律特征做了详尽的分析，并在综合比较构成要件诸多学说的基础上，阐述了作者支持的观点——四要件说。第三部分论述了缔约过失责任的适用范围。本部分分别从缔约过失责任的时间效力范围和空间效力范围予以分析，并在此基础上引出附条件合同与欠缺批准或登记要件的合同在责任适用方面的最新学术观点。第四部分论述了缔约过失责任的损害赔偿。本部分分别从缔约过失责任的保护对象、赔偿范围、赔偿原则展开论述，通过对理论界的不同学术观点及相关立法与判例的分析，得出缔约过失责任的保护对象包括固有利益和信赖利益，并具体对二者的赔偿范围及赔偿限额进行分析，在此基础上阐述缔约过失责任的赔偿原则。第五部分论述了缔约过失责任与违约责任、侵权责任的竞合。本部分分别从责任的产生、性质、责任形式、归责原则等方面进行分析，，旨在避免缔约过失责任与违约责任、侵权责任适用上的混淆。
[Abstract]:Culpa in contrahendo originated from Rome law, first proposed by a famous German jurist Ihering in 1861, it overthrew the absolute contractliability theory of "no contract, no responsibility", expanding the scope of contract liability, and is gradually adopted by legislation and case law of each country. Whether in the civil law countries and Anglo American Law system countries are affected by the theory, and with the development of legislation and prejudication system gradually. However, the academic circles still controversial issues on contracting fault liability theory, the perfection of civil liability system of our country based on motivation, based on the research of the new academic point of view, to a discussion on some theoretical problems of contracting negligence responsibility.
This article is composed of five parts:
The first part discusses the historical origin and legal basis of contracting negligence responsibility. This part goes back to the Rome law, elaborates the emergence and development of contracting fault liability in two big legal system; and through systematic analysis of the relevant theories, finally established the principle of honesty and credit as the legal basis of the contracting fault liability.
The second part discusses the concept of contracting negligence responsibility, legal characteristics and elements. A number of scholars point of view, the contracting fault liability is expressed as: the parties in the process of the conclusion of the contract, because of intentional or negligent violation of the principle of good faith and the pre contract obligation, caused by the opposite party shall bear civil liability for the damage. In accordance with the law. On this basis, the legal characteristics of contracting negligence responsibility has done a detailed analysis and comparison in many elements constitute the basis of theory, the author's point of view -- the four elements that support.
The third part discusses the applicable scope of the contracting fault liability. In this part, from the contracting negligence responsibility time and space effectiveness range to be analyzed, and on this basis leads to conditional contract and lack of approval or registration contract liability applied the latest academic point of view.
The fourth part discusses the liability for contracting negligence damages. In this part, the scope of compensation from the protection object, contracting fault liability, the principle of compensation is discussed, through the analysis of the different academic views and relevant legislation and legal precedent, the object of protection that contracting fault liability include the inherent interest and reliance interest, and the specific scope of compensation on the two and the compensation limit is analyzed, on the basis of the principle of compensation liability.
The fifth part discusses the concurrence of liability for breach of contract and liability for breach of contract and tort liability. This section analyzes the nature of liability, the form of liability and the principle of imputation, so as to avoid the confusion between contracting negligence liability and liability for breach of contract, and the application of tort liability.

【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：D913

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