不当出生侵权损害赔偿问题研究

发布时间：2018-01-16 23:14

本文关键词：不当出生侵权损害赔偿问题研究　出处：《山东大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：“不当出生”是英美侵权法上的概念,是在现代医疗技术不断提高和优生优育观念深入人心的背景下产生的一种新型医疗侵权案件。医务人员由于过失,未能发现胎儿存在先天缺陷,或者虽然发现,但未向产检夫妻告知或者告知不准确,致使母亲生下先天缺陷儿,产检夫妻起诉医疗机构要求赔偿,这就是不当出生侵权损害赔偿问题。不当出生侵权损害赔偿问题从开始出现争议就从未停止,主要围绕在生命伦理道德合理性和法律构成方面。虽然各国历史和文化背景不同,但由否定转为肯定是一个明显的趋势。在我国,不当出生侵权损害赔偿问题立法上还没有明确的规定。在司法实践中,不同的法院对不当出生案件的判决结果也有很大的不同。医患纠纷的逐渐增多严重影响了社会的和谐稳定,如果长期得不到解决会造成不利影响,也会影响公民对法律权威的信赖程度。因此,对不当出生侵权损害赔偿问题的研究有着重要的理论价值和实践意义。本文以主要的争议问题为线索,分四个部分进行分析论证,对不当出生侵权损害赔偿相关问题进行梳理：第一章,不当出生侵权损害赔偿问题的理论基础,主要分析了不当出生的含义,对不当出生与不当生命、不当怀孕、医疗事故相似概念进行辨析,重点是对不当出生侵权损害赔偿问题进行比较法上的观察,通过国外立法和判例的研究,对我国不当出生侵权损害赔偿相关问题的构建提供宝贵的经验。第二章,从请求权和请求权基础的关系入手,分析了不当出生的请求权基础,指出不当出生损害赔偿同时具有合同法上和侵权法上的请求权。但合同法上的请求权具有很大的局限性,所以认为应该适用侵权法上的请求权提起诉讼。第三章,着重分析了不当出生侵权责任的归责原则和构成要件。笔者认为不当出生侵权责任的归责原则应该为过错推定原则,而构成要件应为过失、违法行为、损害事实、违法行为和损害事实之间的因果联系。第四章,不当出生侵权损害赔偿的实现问题。赔偿权利主体是先天缺陷儿的父母,赔偿义务主体应该是医疗机构。重点介绍了不当出生的赔偿范围和限制,包括物质损害赔偿和精神损害赔偿,但不应该适用损益相抵原则。
[Abstract]:"improper birth" is a concept in Anglo-American tort law. It is a new type of medical tort case, which is produced under the background of the continuous improvement of modern medical technology and the idea of eugenics and eugenics. Medical personnel are at fault. Failure to find birth defects, or although found, but did not inform the husband and wife birth examination or inaccuracy, resulting in the mother born with congenital defects, the birth of the husband and wife to sue medical institutions for compensation. This is the problem of improper birth tort damages. The issue of improper birth infringement damages has never stopped from the beginning. Although different countries have different historical and cultural backgrounds, it is an obvious trend from negation to affirmation. In our country, there is no clear stipulation in the legislation of compensation for improper birth tort. In judicial practice. The results of different courts on improper birth cases are also very different. The gradual increase of doctor-patient disputes has seriously affected the social harmony and stability, if not resolved for a long time will cause adverse effects. It will also affect the degree of trust of citizens to the authority of law. Therefore, the research on the issue of compensation for improper birth tort damage has important theoretical value and practical significance. This paper takes the main controversial issues as the clue. It is divided into four parts to analyze and demonstrate the related problems of compensation for improper birth tort: The first chapter, the theoretical basis of improper birth tort damages, mainly analyzes the meaning of improper birth, improper birth and improper life, improper pregnancy, medical malpractice similar concepts are analyzed. The emphasis is on the comparative law observation on the compensation of improper birth tort damages. Through the study of foreign legislation and case law, it provides valuable experience for the construction of the related problems of compensation for improper birth tort damages in China. The second chapter starts with the relationship between the right of claim and the basis of the right of claim, and analyzes the basis of the right of claim of improper birth. It is pointed out that the compensation for improper birth damage has both the right of claim in contract law and the right of claim in tort law, but the right of claim in contract law has great limitations, so it is considered that the right of claim in tort law should be applied to bring an action. The third chapter focuses on the analysis of the liability of improper birth tort principles and constitutive elements. The author believes that the principle of liability for improper birth tort liability should be the principle of presumption of fault, and the constitutive elements should be fault. Causality between illegal act, damage fact, illegal act and damage fact. Chapter 4th, the realization of compensation for improper birth tort. The subject of compensation rights is the parents of children with congenital defects, and the main body of compensation obligation should be medical institutions. Including material damage compensation and moral damage compensation, but should not apply the principle of profit and loss offset.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D923

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