死亡赔偿金制度法律问题研究

发布时间：2018-01-17 17:39

本文关键词：死亡赔偿金制度法律问题研究　出处：《中央民族大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：作为一项民事侵权救济制度,死亡赔偿金制度在整个人身损害赔偿制度中占有举足轻重的地位。因为死亡赔偿金制度是以生命权受到侵害为前提的,而生命权乃是最高的人格利益,体现人的最高尊严和价值。在此意义上,可以说对生命权的侵犯在所有的民事侵权行为当中是最严重的。而对被害人及其近亲属等利害关系人的死亡偿金等救济制度,应当彰显对被害人及其近亲属的最大关怀,同时与一般的人身损害赔偿制度区别开来。自《民法通则》以来,我国的死亡赔偿金制度立法几经变更,对死亡赔偿金的性质没有一个统一的规定,对死亡赔偿金的请求权基础和请求权人范围没有一个合理的解释,最重要的是没有构建起统一的死亡赔偿金的计算标准,从而引起了现行立法的许多情绪性的解读和曲解。因此,本文的主要目的就在于对死亡赔偿金的理论及立法进行一番梳理,以正本清源,对目前的死亡赔偿金立法作出恰如其分的评价,并对死亡赔偿金立法中存在的问题提出自己的看法和相关的立法建议,为完善我国的死亡赔偿金制度作理论上的探索和铺垫。本文的主体部分一共包含以下几章：第一章对选题的意义和背景进行阐述,并介绍了国内和国外对死亡赔偿金法律制度的研究动态以及对完善我国死亡赔偿金法律制度的启示,以及论文的研究方法。第二章主要论述死亡赔偿金的法律性质,针对死亡赔偿金是属于物质损害赔偿还是精神损害赔偿,亦或是兼而有之的争论,指出死亡赔偿金的法律性质在很大的程度上取决于立法的选择,而在我国现行的立法体制之下,不应将死亡赔偿金界定为精神损害赔偿,而将重新准确界定为物质损害赔偿,即赔偿的是“死者预期收入损失”。第三章着重论述了死亡赔偿金的请求权基础和请求权人范围,本章一共分为两节,第一节着重论述死亡赔偿金的请求权基础,对继承主义和固定损害主义这两种基本理论的区别和联系进行了深入的论述和比较,并对我国的立法选择进行了评析,提出了完善的建议。第二节则在借鉴其他国家立法的基础上,结合《侵权责任法》的规定,对死亡赔偿金请求权人的范围进行了论述,指出死亡赔偿金的请求权人应限定为死者的近亲属,并在结合我国民事立法的基础上对近亲属的范围进行了具体的界定。第四章旨在构建统一的死亡赔偿金计算标准。首先对死亡赔偿金的计算标准的基本理论进行了阐述,接着分析了我国的死亡赔偿金采用的计算标准以及在司法实践中遭到的质疑和批评,明确提出应当以省(自治区、直辖市)内的人均年收入水平为标准来计算死亡赔偿金的数额。并在此基础上,对“同命不同价”的争议进行了澄清和回应。第五章是针对《侵权责任法》第17条所进行的思考,对其立法理由、理论基础、优点等问题进行了全方位的阐明,并对其适用的前提和条件以及适用中应当注意的其它问题进行了相应的思考和论述。
[Abstract]:As a civil tort relief system , the death compensation system plays an important role in the whole personal injury compensation system . The first chapter expounds the meaning and background of the topic , and introduces the study of the legal system of death compensation in China and abroad , and the enlightenment of perfecting the legal system of death compensation in China , as well as the research method of the thesis . The second chapter mainly discusses the legal nature of the death compensation , whether the compensation for death belongs to the material damages or the moral damages , or both . It is pointed out that the legal nature of the death compensation depends on the choice of the legislation , but under the current legislative system , the death compensation should not be defined as moral damages , but the compensation should be re - defined as material damages , that is , the " loss of expected income of the deceased " . The third chapter focuses on the claim of death compensation and the scope of the right of claim . This chapter is divided into two sections . The first section discusses and compares the differences and connections between the two basic theories of inheritance and fixed damage , and points out that the claim of death compensation should be limited to close relatives of the deceased , and defines the scope of the close relatives on the basis of the civil legislation in China . The fourth chapter is to construct the unified calculation standard of death compensation . Firstly , the basic theory of the calculation standard of death compensation is explained , then the calculation standard adopted by the death compensation fund and the challenge and criticism in judicial practice are analyzed , and the amount of death compensation should be calculated based on the annual income level per capita in the province ( autonomous region and municipality directly under the Central Government ) . In the fifth chapter , the author makes a comprehensive exposition of its legislative reason , theoretical foundation , advantages and so on , and makes corresponding consideration and discussion on its applicable premise and condition and other problems which should be noted in the application .

【学位授予单位】：中央民族大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D923

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