债务加入研究

发布时间：2018-01-18 03:33

本文关键词：债务加入研究　出处：《吉林大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：债务加入作为普遍的一种社会现象,在法院的实务审判中经常出现,为了明确其法律关系,我国立法理应对此进行明确的规定,以指导实务审判,定争止纷。本文在归纳总结有关债务加入的大量真实案例的基础上,结合相关的理论学说,分析研究债务加入存在的问题和争议,并提出自己的观点。首先,本文对债务加入的概念进行了整理和界定,厘清债务加入的基本概念是债务加入研究的前提和基础。另外本文从债务加入的时间分布、地区分布、法院级别、结案方式、案由分布等方面论述了债务加入研究及立法的必要性。随后,本文在总结归纳各方学者观点的基础上,结合我国固有的法律体系,对债务加入的性质进行了探讨,认为债务加入是一种要因性行为。其次,本文根据债务加入的依据、债务人承担债务的多少等因素进行了学理上的分类。随后本文在借鉴江苏省高院实务审判分类的基础上,结合司法实践的案例归纳出债务加入的四种类型,并对其构成要件进行了探讨,本文认为债务加入的构成应该具备以下三个要件,即存在合法有效的债务、债务具有可转移性、存在债务加入的协议或债务加入人单独承诺。复次,本文分析、研究了债务加入应当产生的法律效果。本文在借鉴学者观点的基础上,认为债务加入的第三人应同原债务人对债权人负担不真正连带债务,且原则上第三人承担之债务与原债务人之债务具有同一性。此外,债务加入人应享有基于债务加入的原因关系而取得的对债权人的抗辩权,以及基于债务加入而享有原债务人之抗辩权。并且,在遵从债务加入的同一性原则的基础上,从债务随主债务的转移而转移,即债务加入人还应负担原债务之从债务,然则债务加入人却不当然享有原债务人的从权利。债务加入人在履行债务后享有对原债务人的追偿权。再次,本文将债务加入与履行承担、保证、免责的债务承担进行了甄别和界定。在结合法院实务审判案例的基础上,本文认为若当事人之间没有明确约定第三人的行为的性质时,并且亦未明确约定豁免原债务人之债务的情况下,宜认定该第三人的行为应属于债务加入;若当事人的意思表示中并无较为显著或明确的保证含义时,第三人的行为宜认定为债务加入;在甄别债务加入与履行承担时,第三人的行为应以第三人承担债务的原因进行判别。最后,本文对债务加入的实务审判进行了梳理分析,分析了不同情况下第三人在借款协议等文本中签字或盖章时其身份的判别。同时也对“公司”这一特殊的主体进行了探讨,认为“公司”可以作为债务加入的第三人,但其应同担保一样需事先履行必要的内部程序。本文的意义在于,在法律没有明确规定及理论学说未有完整体系的情况下,对债务加入制度做了梳理,并结合实务审判之情况,总结归纳了债务加入的类型、构成要件、法律效果、与相关制度的区别、实务审判中的问题,以期能够对债务加入的立法规制和法律实践提供提供指引。
[Abstract]:The debt to join as a common social phenomenon, often appear in the practice of the trial court, in order to clear legal relations, China's legislation should be clearly defined in this regard, to guide the practice of trial, resolving disputes. This paper summarizes a large number of real cases based on debt to join on the combination of related theory the analysis of the debt to join the existing problems and disputes, and put forward their own views. Firstly, this paper summarized and defined the concept of debt to join, to clarify the basic concepts of participation of debt is the prerequisite and basis to the study in this paper. The debt from the debt to join the time distribution, region distribution, court, case the necessity of the distribution, and other aspects of debt to join the research and legislation. Then, based on summarizing the academic viewpoints, combined with the inherent legal system in China The nature of the debt, join is discussed, that is a kind of debt to join due to sexual behavior. Secondly, according to the debt to join the basis of how much debt debtor factors of academic classification. Then this paper on the basis of the Jiangsu provincial high court trial practice classification, combined with judicial practice case summed up the four types of debt to join, and the elements discussed in this paper, believe that debt accession should meet the following three conditions, namely the existence of legitimate and effective debt, debt can be transferred into the existing debt, agreement or debt to join alone commitment. Thirdly, this paper analyses the legal effect. Study on the debt to join should be produced. Based on the viewpoints of scholars, think third people should join the debt burden on the creditors with the original debtor Gesamtschuld, and in principle Third people take the debt and the original debtor has the same. In addition, the debt to join people should enjoy and obtain the relationship based on the causes of debt to join the creditor's right of defense, defense and enjoy the original debtor based on debt to join and rights. And basic principle of identity in compliance with the added debt from the transfer of debt, with the main debt transfer, the debt should also join the original debt burden from the debt, but the debt to join the people do not enjoy the right of the original debtor from debt. Adding human recourse to the original obligor to perform the debt. Again, the debt joined with the commitment to guarantee the exemption of debt, were screened and defined. On the basis of judicial trial on the case, we think that if there is no clear agreement of third properties of human behavior between the parties, and also not clear about Set the exemption of the original obligor case, should be recognized the third human behavior should belong to adding debt; if the parties mean no obvious or explicit guarantee of meaning, Third People's behavior should be recognized as a debt to join; in screening and fulfill the debt to join the bear, third people should behave reason bear the debt to third people were identified. Finally, this paper summarizes the practice of trial debt to join, analyses the discrimination under different conditions of three people signed or stamped in the text of the agreement on identity. At the same time "company" this special subject is discussed, that the "company" as the debt to join the third people, but it should be the same as the guarantee should carry out the necessary internal procedures. The significance of this paper is not clearly defined and there is no complete theory system in law Under the conditions of debt to join the system to do the sort, and combines the practice of the trial, types, summed up the debt by adding elements, legal effect, difference and related system, trial practice problems, in order to provide guidance for debt to join the legislative regulations and legal practice.

【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D923.6

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