债权让与对外效力研究

发布时间：2018-01-27 12:39

本文关键词： 债权让与债务人第三人对外效力　出处：《西南政法大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：债权具有明显的财产性,在现代经济中具有优越性的地位,使其成为足以与物权分庭抗礼的重要财产形式。债权在现代经济中不可或缺的重要作用,决定了对债权让与的研究具有重大意义。在以债权为内容的交易中,动态的交易安全越来越引起人们的关注,集中体现在对债务人保护和受让人正当利益的维护之平衡。研究债权让与的对外效力,实质上就是确立债权让与对债务人的生效规则以及债权让与对抗债务人以外其他第三人的要件之问题,从根本上体现的是对动态交易安全的维护。在长期的历史衍变中,债权让与制度在各国立法和法学理论中都日趋完善,我国也在经历这样一个过程。本文旨在系统研究债权让与对外效力,在参考外国立法例以及学说理论的基础上,对我国债权让与制度的立法和学说理论进行了反思,并提出浅见。文章分为四部分,共三万余字。第一部分是问题的提出。通过对一起具体司法案件的介绍,对案件事实进行了梳理,归纳总结了案件的焦点,分析得出案件的本质问题所在为债权让与的对外效力问题,以此为基础进行思考,展开文章第二部分、第三部分的分析研究。第二部分是债权让与对债务人的效力问题。本部分是对债权让与对外效力的具体分析,首先,由制度设计的法理基础出发,分析债权让与中对债务人进行保护的原因和必要性;其次,介绍了债权让与对债务人发生效力的时间,通过对不同立法例的分析,得出让与通知原则的合理性;再次,因通知是债权让与对债务人发生效力的媒介,具体分析了通知的构成要件,讨论了通知的性质和生效时间、通知的法律属性、通知的主体以及通知的形式,在对既有学说的认识基础上,进一步讨论了通知的生效时间并作出了分析;通过对不同立法例关于通知主体的介绍和分析,针对我国债权让与主体的立法不明确状况,解释为通知的主体包括让与人和受让人;最后,分别从未为通知和已为通知的情况,具体分析了债权让与对第三人的效力表现。在对现有学说认识的基础上,对未为通知的效力进一步具体解释为相对无效的法律效果,并结合外国立法例,对未为通知债务人已为清偿的情况,解释为有效清偿;此外,对已为通知情况下债务人得援用抗辩权和抵销权进行分析,讨论了取得抗辩的时间及抗辩事由的范围及其产生的时间,同时,对不同情况下债务人援用抵销权的情况进行了分析,并指出我国立法对受让人利益保护的不力。第三部分是债权让与对第三人的效力问题。本部分主要讨论了第三人的范围,首先介绍了外国立法例中对第三人范围的规定,并结合我国司法实务和立法情况,分析得出几种第三人的具体表现形式;其次,结合外国立法例,对我国债权让与对外发生效力的时间进行了分析,得出让与合同成立时即对其他第三人产生效力的结论;最后,本部分重点讨论了我国司法实务中常见的几种第三人效力问题,第一种是债权连续让与中对第三人的效力,在对外国立法例进行分析比较的基础上,对我国实务进行情景分析方法,提出此种情况下债务人得援用善意取得制度的建议;第二种是债权重复让与中对第三人的效力,在比较法观察的基础上,结合我国实际,分析得出通知规则对我国的借鉴意义;第三种是债权让与对让与人的扣押人和破产债权人的效力,在对外国立法进行比较分析的基础上,提出将让与通知作为处理该问题标准的可能性。第四部分是对案件的分析和立法建议。通过第二部分、第三部分对债权让与对外效力中具体问题分析得出的结论,用以回答文章开端提出的问题。结合在案件中分析得出的问题,以及在理论研究中发现的问题,对我国债权让与制度的完善,提出作者的一些浅见,包括完善债权让与通知制度,提高对债权让与受让人的保护力度,确定债权让与对第三人的效力规则等几个方面。
[Abstract]:The property claim has obvious superiority, the position in modern economy, make it become the important property and property to meet as equals. The important role of creditor's rights is indispensable in modern economy, it is of great significance to determine the assignment of creditor's right. In order to claims for the content of the transaction, the transaction security and dynamic the more attention, embodied in the legitimate interests of the assignee debtor protection and maintenance of the balance. Study on assignment of external validity, requirements of creditor to the debtor outside rules and claims against the debtor and other third people is established in essence, fundamentally embodied the maintenance of dynamic transaction security. In the development history of the long term, the creditor's rights system in legislation and legal theory are becoming more and more perfect, our country is experiencing such a Process. This paper aims at studying the assignment of external force, in reference to foreign legislation and theory foundation on the theory of creditor's rights system in China's legislation and theory of reflection, and puts forward opinions. The article is divided into four parts, a total of more than 30000 words. The first part of the problem is put forward. According to the specific judicial this case, the facts of the case are summarized, summed up the focus of the case analysis, the nature of the problem that the case is for assignment of external validity problem, on the basis of thinking, launched in the second part, analysis of the third part. The second part is the creditor on the debtor. This part is specific analysis of the external effect of credit assignment first, starting from the legal basis of the system design, analysis of the creditor and the necessity of protection of the debtor and its reason; Second, introduces the assignment effect of time on the debtor, through the analysis of the different legislation, the principle of rationality of the notice of assignment; again, because of the transfer of creditor's rights notice is effective media to debtor, analyzes the notice elements, notice discussed the nature and effect of time, the legal attribute of notification. Notice the subject and the form of a notice, in the understanding of the basis of the existed theory, discussed the effective time of notice and make analysis; through the introduction and Analysis on the different legislation notice on the subject, for the main assignment of the legislation is not clear, the main explanation for the notification includes the assignor and the transferee; finally, respectively, never notice and have been informed, detailed analysis of the transfer of creditor's rights to the third party performance. Based on the existing theory, not to Notice the effect of further specific explanation for the legal effect of relatively ineffective, and combined with the foreign legislation, the notification is not the debtor has been liquidated, interpreted as effective discharge; in addition, the case has to inform the debtor of counterargument right and right of offset, discussed the range of time and defense defense and the time, at the same time, the debtor invoked setoff under different conditions were analyzed, and pointed out that China's legislation on the protection of the interests of the assignee. The third part is the transfer of creditor's rights to the third party. This part mainly discusses the scope of the third party, first introduced the provisions of third people the scope of foreign legislation, combined with China's judicial practice and legislation, analysis of specific forms of the several third people; secondly, combined with foreign legislation, to our country the transfer of creditor's rights The effective time is analyzed, the assignment contract was established that the effect of the conclusion of third other people; finally, this section focuses on the effect of several third people common in our judicial practice, the first is the validity of the claims of third person continuous assignment, in the analysis of foreign legislation on the basis of comparison of scenario analysis on China's practice, put forward in this case the debtor may invoke the bona fide acquisition system; the second is to the third party claims repeated assignment, based on comparative observation, combined with China's reality, analysis of notification rules for our reference; the third is the effectiveness of assignment of the assignor and the seizure of creditors, by comparative analysis of foreign legislation, put forward the notice as the standard can be Can. The fourth part is the case analysis and legislative proposals. The second part, the third part draws the analysis on specific issues of creditor external validity of the conclusions, in order to answer the questions. Beginning in the case with the analysis of the problems in the theoretical research and the problems found in the improvement of the creditor's rights the system of our country, the author puts forward some opinions, including the improvement of the notice of assignment of rights system, improve the protection of creditor's rights assignment, determine several assignment to the third person effect rules and so on.

【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D923.6

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