人类冷冻胚胎的法律属性及其继承问题研究

发布时间：2018-02-04 21:27

本文关键词： 冷冻胚胎法律属性继承　出处：《西南政法大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：当今由于受各种因素的影响,许多夫妇难以自然受孕。此时,体外受精—胚胎移植技术应运而生打破了人类的生育繁衍规律,一方面给众多不孕夫妇带来福音满足了他们为人父母的心愿,另一方面因在该技术实施过程中夫妻关系可能会发生难以预料的变故,此时,遗留下来的冷冻胚胎就成为纠纷产生的根源。如何合理解决人类冷冻胚胎带来的诸多法律问题,成为我们必将面对的难题。世界上许多国家也对此进行了研究与规定。我国首例人类冷冻胚胎继承纠纷案例——“江苏宜兴冷冻胚胎继承纠纷一案”作为该问题的典型代表,其中一个最为核心的问题就是如何准确的认定冷冻胚胎的法律属性,本文也将以此案例作为切入点,在分析相关法律规范、制度、案例的基础上,对人类冷冻胚胎的法律属性的界定以及相关继承问题展开分析与讨论。文章总共分为四个部分,首先,文章的开篇通过对“江苏宜兴冷冻胚胎继承纠纷一案”的简要介绍,揭示出案例所反映的主要问题,即人类冷冻胚胎的法律属性到底为何?冷冻胚胎能否成为继承的标的?在夫妻双方均已死亡的情况下,谁有权决定涉案的冷冻胚胎该如何处置?随后,文章的第二部分针对人类冷冻胚胎的法律属性到底为何这一问题从两个方面展开,其一介绍了当前世界上主流的三大学说,分别为“主体说”、“客体说”、“中介说”,这三大学说尽管主张各异,但是在不同国家和地区的立法、司法实践中均有所体现,文章也选取了一些有代表性的司法案例对此加以充分说明,其二文章又从理论研究、立法、司法实践三个角度介绍了我国国内对此问题的研究现状。紧接着,文章的第三部分,通过对前述三大主流学说的评析,得知“主体说”、“客体说”这两种学说各自在一定程度上存在着不合理性,而“中介说”把人类冷冻胚胎的法律属性认定为“非人非物”的中介实体既是依据人类冷冻胚胎的自身特性做出的合理认定,同时这一认定又符合了我国当前的基本国情、制度政策、伦理观念,也满足了医学研究的需要,据此认为采纳“中介说”较为合理。最后,文章的第四部分着重分析了冷冻胚胎能否成为继承的标的?以及在夫妻双方均已死亡的情况下,谁有权决定涉案的冷冻胚胎该如何处置?结合目前我国《继承法》的现有规定,认为不宜将不孕夫妻二人死亡后遗留的冷冻胚胎作为遗产来继承,并且认为不孕夫妻的继承人通常是双方的父母在合乎现有法律规定的情况下,有权决定如何来处置这些遗留的剩余冷冻胚胎。笔者通过对上述问题的一一解答,借以希望能够为实践中人类冷冻胚胎的相关问题的解决有所帮助。
[Abstract]:Nowadays, due to the influence of various factors, it is difficult for many couples to conceive naturally. At this time, the technology of in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer has broken the rule of human reproduction and reproduction. On the one hand to many infertile couples bring good news to their parents wish, on the other hand, because the implementation of the technology in the process of couples may have unexpected changes, at this time. The remaining frozen embryos have become the root of the dispute. How to solve the legal problems caused by human frozen embryos reasonably. It has been studied and regulated by many countries in the world. The first case of human frozen embryo succession dispute in China "the dispute of frozen embryo succession in Yixing, Jiangsu Province" As a typical example of the problem. One of the core issues is how to accurately identify the legal attributes of frozen embryos, this paper will also take this case as a starting point, in the analysis of relevant legal norms, systems, cases on the basis of. The definition of legal attributes of human frozen embryos and related inheritance issues are analyzed and discussed. The article is divided into four parts: first. Through a brief introduction to the dispute over the succession of frozen embryos in Yixing, Jiangsu Province, the paper reveals the main problems reflected in the case, that is, what are the legal attributes of human frozen embryos? Can frozen embryos be the object of inheritance? Who has the right to decide what to do with the frozen embryos involved in the case where both spouses are dead? Then, the second part of the article focuses on the legal attributes of human frozen embryos from two aspects, one is the introduction of the current mainstream of the world's three universities, respectively, as "subject theory." "object theory", "intermediary theory", although the three theories advocate different, but in different countries and regions in the legislation, judicial practice are reflected. This article also selected some representative judicial cases to give a full explanation, the second article from the theoretical research, legislation, judicial practice of three angles to introduce the domestic research on this issue. In the third part of the article, through the analysis of the three main theories mentioned above, we know that there are some irrationality in each of the two theories: the subject theory and the object theory. "intermediary theory" regards the legal attribute of human frozen embryos as "non-human and non-material", which is a reasonable confirmation based on the characteristics of human frozen embryos. At the same time, this confirmation accords with our country's current basic national conditions, system policies, ethical concepts, and also meets the needs of medical research, according to which the adoption of "intermediary theory" is more reasonable. Finally. In the 4th part of the article, we focus on the analysis of whether frozen embryos can be the object of inheritance. And in the event that both spouses have died, who has the right to decide what to do with the frozen embryos involved? Combined with the existing provisions of the inheritance Law of our country, it is not appropriate to inherit the frozen embryos left after the death of two infertile couples. And it is believed that the heirs of infertile couples are usually the parents of both parties who have the right to decide how to dispose of the remaining frozen embryos in accordance with the existing law. It is hoped that it will be helpful to solve the problems related to human frozen embryos in practice.
【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D923.5

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